wk¶v
Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf~wg I evsjv‡`k
(RvZxq wk¶v cÖwZôvb)
W.†dviKvb Avjx
(c~e© cÖKv‡ki ci)¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡b evsjvi QvÎ mgvRB wQj
g~j kw³| QvÎiv `‡j `‡j wgwQj wgwUs wKsev wejvZx `ªe¨ eR©‡bi Rb¨ wc‡KwUs‡q Ask
MÖnY Ki‡Zv| ZvB m½Z Kvi‡YB Zv‡`i Dci miKv‡ii cÖPÛ `gb-cxob †b‡g Av‡m|
weªwUk miKvi Qv·`i‡K
¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY Kiv †_‡K weiZ ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ_gw`‡K ¯‹zj-K‡jR KZ©„c‡¶i
Kv‡Q wb‡`©k cvVvq| wk¶K‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡K GB Av‡›`vj‡bK mg_©b Ki‡Zb| weavq miKv‡ii
GB wb‡`©k h_vh_fv‡e cvwjZ nqwb| Gevi miKvi †MvUv cÖkvmb wb‡q Suvwc‡q c‡o Qv·`i
msMÖvgx Kv‡djvi Dci|
1905 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i
¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi ZxeªZvi mg‡q evsjvi Pxc †m‡µUvix Avi, WweøD, Kvj©vBj †Rjv
g¨vwR‡÷ªU I Kv‡jKUiMY‡K Qv·`i `gb Kivi Rb¨ GK mvK©yjvi †cÖiY K‡ib| †hme
¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡b Ask MÖnY K‡i‡Q †mme ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R miKvix Aby`vb eÜ Kiv,
Qv·`i e„wË eÜ Kiv, Qv·`i cix¶v †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v (wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aax‡b) eÜ Kiv Ges
Av‡›`vj‡b Ask MÖnYKvix Qv·`i weiæ‡× kvw¯’g~jK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ D³ mvK©yjv‡i
ejv n‡qwQj| e½f‡½i d‡j beMwVZ c~e©e½ I Avmvg cÖ‡`‡ki Pxd †m‡µUvix wc,wm, ivqbI
Abyiƒc GK mvK©yjvi Rvix K‡iwQ‡j| hv‡Z Av‡›`vjbKvix Qv·`i Rb¨ PvKzix wbwl× Kiv
nq| mvK©yjv‡ii K_v cÖKvk nIqvi ci evsjvi QvÎ mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ cÖPÛ we‡¶vf †`Lv †`q|
d‡j ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vjb AviI MwZ‡eM wb‡q AMÖmi n‡Z ïiæ K‡i|
mvK©yjvi Rvixi K‡qKw`b
ci 24†k A‡±vei (1905) GB KzL¨vZ mvK©yjv‡ii weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ KwjKvZvq
Ave`yi imy‡ji mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GK weivU QvÎ-Rbmfv AbywôZ nq| H mfvq ¯^vaxb RvZxq wk¶v
Pvjy Kivi cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb Kiv nq| Gi wZbw`b ci iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbwyôZ
Av‡iKwU mfvq msMÖv‡gi `„p A½xKvi e¨³ Kiv n‡qwQj| miKv‡ii QvÎ `g‡bi cÖwZev‡`
A¨vw›U mvK©yjvi †mvmvBwU bv‡g GKwU msMVb MwVZ nq 1905 mv‡ji 4Vv b‡f¤^i| ¯^‡`kx
Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖPvig~jK wgwQj I wejvZx `ªe¨ eR©‡bi Rb¨ wc‡KwUs Kivi ga¨w`‡q KvRïiæ
K‡i GB msMVb| cieZx©‡Z GB msMVbwU Av‡›`vj‡bi Kvi‡Y wk¶v cÖwZôvb †_‡K weZvwoZ‡`i
Rb¨ wk¶vi e¨e¯’v Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i|
miKvi ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vjb
`gb Kiv we‡klZt Av‡›`vjbKvix Qv·`i `gb Kivi Rb¨ K‡Vvi c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i|
Av‡›`vjbKvix AmsL¨ Qv·K Rwigvbv Kiv nq, A‡bK‡K ¯‹zj-K‡jR †_‡K ewn®‹vi K‡i
†`Iqv nq| Av‡›`vjbKvix Qv·`i cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj A‡bK wk¶K‡KI PvKix †_‡K eiLv¯Í
Ges KvD‡K KvD‡K Rwigvbv Kiv nq| eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki iscyi, gv`vixcyi, XvKv,
ewikvj, wmivRMÄ cÖf„wZ ¯’v‡b miKvwi wbcxob Pi‡g wM‡q †cŠu‡PwQj| D`vniY wnmv‡e
iscy‡ii K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq| miKvi KZ©„K wb‡`©wkZ n‡q iscyi wRjv ¯‹z‡ji †nW gv÷vi
1905 mv‡ji 31†k A‡±vei Qv·`i‡K ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡b Ask bv †bIqvi Av‡`k †`b|
Ab¨_vq KwVb kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡bi ûgKx cÖ`k©b Kiv nq| QvÎiv Av‡`k Agvb¨ K‡i wgwQj
mnKv‡i ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi mfvq †hvM`vb K‡i| w`b w`b AskMÖnYKvixi msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z
_vK‡j †Rjv g¨vwR‡÷ªU QvÎ cÖwZ cuvP UvKv Rwigvbv K‡i| Gi cÖwZev‡` H eQ‡ii 7B
b‡f¤^i iscyi GK mfv AbywôZ nq| mfvq Rwigvbv bv †`Iqvi I Avjv`vfv‡e RvZxq
we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq| ciw`b †_‡KB iscy‡i RvZxq we`¨vjq Pvjy nq|
iscy‡ii †m ¯‹zjwU GLbI Av‡Q| Abyiƒc avivi ¯^‡`kx wk¶v cÖwZôvb evsjvi wewfbœ
¯’v‡bB ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e M‡o I‡V| GB ¯^Ztù‚Z©Zv‡K msMwVZ iƒc †`qvi Rb¨ H mg‡q we‡kl
cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj|
¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡b
e¨vcKZv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ wk¶v cÖwZôvb †_‡K weZvwoZ wKsev †¯^”Qvq wk¶v cÖwZôvb
Z¨vMKvix Qv‡Îi msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K A¯^vfvweK cwigv‡Y|6 GB Qv·`i
Rb¨ weKí wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv Riæix n‡q c‡o| wk¶v we¯Ív‡ii j‡¶¨ c~e© †_‡K
Kg©iZ Wb †mvmvBwU G e¨vcv‡i g~L¨ fywgKv cvjb K‡i|7 1905 mv‡jB 5B
b‡f¤^i KwjKvZvq GB msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M weivU Rbmfvq iex›`ªbv_ VvKzimn msMÖvgx
cyiæliv e³…Zv K‡ib| GKRb e³v Bs‡i‡Ri †MvjvgLvbv (¯‹zj-K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vjq) Z¨vM
Kivi Rb¨ Qv·`i cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb| GB mfvq RvZxq wk¶v cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjvi wm×všÍ
MÖnY Kiv nq| Gi Pviw`b ci Avi GKwU Rbmfvq ivRv my‡eva gwjøK RvZxq wk¶vi Rb¨ GK
jvL UvKv `vb K‡ib| ciw`b †MŠixcy‡ii (gqgbwmsn) Rwg`vi cuvP jvL UvKv `vb Kivi
K_v †NvlYv K‡ib|
RvZxq wk¶v Av‡›`vjb‡K msMwVZ iƒc †`qvi j‡¶¨ 1905
mv‡ji 16B b‡f¤^i evsjvi wewk÷ e¨w³‡`i GK m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| m‡¤§j‡b me ai‡bi
ˆeÁvwbK I KvwiMix wk¶v cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq wk¶v cwil` MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve MÖnY Kiv nq|
1906 mv‡ji 11B gvP© Wb †mvmvBwU cÖ¯ÍvweZ RvZxq wk¶v cwil‡` iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| wk¶v
cwil` evsjvi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cÖwZwóZ RvZxq we`¨vjq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab K‡i Ges
bZzb bZzb wk¶v cÖwZôvb ¯’vc‡b D‡`¨vMx nq| cÖvq 50wUi g‡Zv D”Pwe`¨vjq GB ms¯’vi
Øviv ¯’vwcZ I cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv|
RvZxq wk¶v cwil` RvZxq wk¶vi ˆewkó¨ iƒ‡c
wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡it
(K) mvwnwZ¨K, ˆeÁvwbK I
†UKwbK¨vj cÖf„wZ me©cÖKvi wk¶v mvaviYZ evsjv fvlvi gva¨‡g w`‡Z n‡e-Z‡e Bs‡iRx
Aek¨ cvV¨ wel‡qi AšÍf©y³ n‡e| evsjv fvlvq cvV¨ cy¯ÍK cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
(L) kvixwiK I ˆbwZK
wk¶vi m‡½ m‡½ wewfbœ ag© m¤cÖ`v‡qi ag© wk¶vi e¨e¯’v Kiv| wk¶v_x©i g‡b AK…wÎg
†`k‡cÖg I †`k †mevi cÖwZ Abyiw³ wk¶vi we‡kl A½ n‡e| agx©q Abyôvb ag© wk¶vi A½
n‡e bv|
(M) †`‡ki BwZnvm,
mvwnZ¨, `k©b m¤ú‡K© Ávb Ges cÖvP¨ I cvðvZ¨ Av`‡k©i mgš^q mva‡bi Dci †Rvi w`‡Z
n‡e|
(N) †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK
cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`‡K `„wó †i‡L ˆeÁvwbK, †UKwbK¨vj I kªgwkí wk¶vi e¨e¯’v Kiv| cÖvP¨
Ávb fvÛv‡i †h mKj ˆeÁvwbK Z_¨ wbwnZ Av‡Q, we‡klZt Avqy‡e©` I †nwKgx wPwKrmvi †h
ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ Av‡Q Zvi Abykxjb Kiv|9
RvZxq wk¶v cwil‡i` D‡`¨v‡M DwjøwLZ ˆewk‡ó¨i
cÖwZdjb NwU‡q wkï †kªYx †_‡K D”PZi ch©vq ch©šÍ cvV¨m~Px I Kg©ZvwjKv cÖYqb Kiv
nq| cÖ_‡g evsjvq c‡i fvi‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b wg¶vi GB RvZxq Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡o|
wb‡R‡`i wk¶v e¨e¯’v wb‡RivB cQ›` I cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ G‡`‡k GB cÖ_g
D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq ev fwel¨r c‡_i mÜvb w`‡q hvq|
MV‡bi AíKv‡ji g‡a¨B
Aek¨ gZ‡e‡ai Kvi‡Y RvZxq wk¶v cwil` wØav wef³ n‡q hvq| GK`j KwjKvZv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aax‡b KvwiMix wk¶v`vbKvix cÖwZôvb wnmv‡e wk¶v cwil`‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| Giv c„_Kfv‡e †mvmvBU di w` cÖ‡gvkb Ae †UKwbK¨vj GWy‡Kkb MVb K‡ib Ges
†e½j †UKwbK¨vj Bbw÷wUDU bv‡g GKwU KvwiMix wk¶v cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb K‡ib| Aciw`‡K
msL¨vMwiô Ask RvZxq wk¶v cwil` bv‡gB KvR Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb Ges †e½j b¨vkbvj K‡jR GÛ ¯‹zj
cÖwZôv K‡ib| 1910 mv‡j Aek¨ Dfq `j HK¨e× n‡q †e½j b¨vkbvj K‡jR I †e½j †UKwbK¨vj
Bbw÷wUDU bv‡g `yÕwU wefvM MVb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z G¸wj hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vj‡q
iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi ZxeªZvi mg‡q KwjKvZvmn evsjvi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b A‡bK
RvZxq we`¨vjq cÖwZwôZ n‡jI Av‡›`vjb w¯’wgZ n‡q covi ci GB cÖwZôvb¸‡jvI eÜ nIqv
ïiæ K‡i| 1911 mv‡j e½f½ i` n‡q †M‡j Ges cÖ_g wek¦hy× ïiæ n‡j Av‡›`vj‡b fvUv
c‡o| mv‡_ mv‡_ ¯^‡`kx ¯‹zjI eÜ n‡Z _v‡K| 1918 mv‡j evsjvq gvÎ `ywU RvZxq wk¶v
cÖwZôv‡bi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wU‡K wQj|10(Pj‡e)
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