শিক্ষা আন্দোলনের পটভূমি ও বাংলাদেশ

শিক্ষা আন্দোলনের পটভূমি  ও বাংলাদেশ

ড.ফোরকান আলী

(c~e© cÖKv‡ki ci)Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl I wek kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡Z †`kxq wk‡íi DbœwZ I †`kR Dcv`vb hy³ wk¶v we¯Ív‡ii j‡¶¨ evsjvq KZ¸‡jv MVbg~jK c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv nq| Kwe iex›`ªbv_ ¯^‡`kx fvÛvi bv‡g †`kx Kvc‡oi †`vKvb †Lv‡jb 1897 mv‡j| GQvov wZwb 1901 mv‡j cÖwZôv K‡ib cÖvP¨-cvðv‡Z¨i wk¶vi wgjb †¶Î kvwšÍ wb‡KZb| GB mg‡q †`kxq cY¨ wewµi Rb¨ A‡bK cÖwZôvb M‡o I‡V| †`kxq cÖwZôvb¸‡jv e„wË w`‡q A‡bK Qv·K we‡`‡k wkí wk¶vi Rb¨ cvVv‡bv ïiæ K‡i| Zviv wd‡i G‡m †`kxq KviLvbvq KvR Ki‡Zv wKsev wb‡RivB KviLvbv M‡o ZzjZ| wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K G ai‡bi 400Rb we‡`‡k cÖwk¶Y cÖvß hyeK 20wUi g‡Zv †`kxq KviLvbvi cËb K‡iwQj|⁸ Gfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k wk¶vq †`kR Dcv`vb hy³ Kiv, †`kxq wk‡íi cÖmvi I †`kx wRwbm e¨env‡ii Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V Ges wek kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡ZB Zv e¨vcKZi n‡Z ïiæ K‡i|

evsjvB AvaywbK wk¶vi cÖ_g cik †c‡qwQj| GB Bs‡iR cÖewZ©Z BD‡ivcxq wk¶vq †`kR Dcv`vb-BwZnvm-HwZn¨ Ae‡nwjZ _vK‡Zv wKsev †`kxq cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi w`‡K j¶¨ K‡i weªwUk wk¶vi we¯Ívi NUZ bv| Jcwb‡ewkK ¯^v‡_©B Zvi cÖmvi n‡Zv| ZvB evsjvi †`k‡cÖwgK kw³i †KD †KD evOvjx ZiæY‡`i‡K h_vh_fv‡e wkw¶Z Kivi j‡¶¨ KZ¸‡jv msMVb M‡o †Zv‡jb| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q myü` mwgwZ (gqgbwmsn, 1900), Wb †mvmvBwUÕ (KwjKvZv, 1902), Ôgyw³ msNÕ (XvKv, 1905), ¯^‡`k evÜe mwgwZ (ewikvj, 1905), eªZx mwgwZ (dwi`cyi, 1906) BZ¨vw`| Gme msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M ivRbxwZ, mgvR, A_©bxwZ, BwZnvm, mvwnZ¨, ag© I bxwZ cÖf„wZ wel‡q Av‡jvPbvi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡Zv; GQvov ¯^v¯’¨ PP©v, Rbwk¶v, Rb‡mev cÖf„wZ KvRI Kiv n‡Zv|

DwjøwLZ †cÖ¶vc‡U evsjv‡`‡k GKwU wk¶v Av‡›`vj‡bi †¶Î cÖ¯‘Z n‡q wM‡qwQj| 1905 mv‡j evsjv‡K wef³ Kivi cÖwZev‡` †h ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V Zvi wfZ‡iB cÖ_g wk¶v Av‡›`vjb cÖZ¨¶fv‡e my`yicÖmvix j¶¨ wb‡q Avwef©yZ nq|

Z_¨ wb‡`©k

1. BwÛqv cvewjK Kbmvj‡Ukbm, AvM÷ 29, 1836, DׄZ t W. AvwRRyi ingvb gwjøK, weªwUk bxwZ I evsjvi gymjgvb (evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1982) c„ôv 231|

2. BwÛqv cvewjK Kbmvj‡Ukbm, gvP© 7, 1835, bs 19, †iR¨jykb Ae gvP© 7, 1835| wm‡jKkb d«g GWy‡Kkbvj †iKW©m, 1g LÛ 1771-1839 (GBP, kvc© m¤úvw`Z, KwjKvZv, 1920) c„t 130-31| DׄZ t Wt AvwRRyi ingvb gwj­K, cÖv¸³, c„ôv 222-223|

3. wm‡jKkbm d«g GWy‡Kkbvj †iKW©m (1g LÛ), wcÖ‡Ým WvBix Ask, c„ôv-134|

4. BwÛqv cvewjK Kbmvj‡Ukbm, †deªæqvix, 21, 1838, bs 21|

5. kªx i‡gk P›`ª gRyg`vi, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, (3q LÛ) AvaywbK hyM (†Rbv‡ij wcÖ›Uvm© GÛ cvewjkvm© cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW KwjKvZv, 1381) c„ôv 505|

6. DwjøwLZ cUf~wg‡Z evsjvq Z_v fvi‡Z bZzb K‡i Bs‡iRx we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K| GB Av‡›`vjb‡K AMÖmi Kivi j‡¶¨ 1883 mv‡ji 28 wW‡m¤^i KwjKvZvq BwÛqvb A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi D‡`¨v‡M GKwU RvZxq gnvmfv AvûZ nq| wZb w`‡bi GB me© fviZxq m‡¤§j‡b KvwiMix wk¶vi cÖmvi, PvKzix‡Z AwaK my‡hvM cÖvwß, kvmb e¨e¯’vq RbcÖwZwbwai e¨e¯’v, A¯¿ AvBb evwZj cÖf„wZ cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ n‡qwQj| 1885 mv‡ji 25 †_‡K 27wW‡m¤^i BwÛqvb A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb, weªwUk BwÛqv A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb I †gvnv‡gWvb A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb Z_v wn›`y gymjgvb Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi Avnev‡b RvZxq gnvmfv AvûZ n‡qwQj| wmwfj mvwf©m cix¶v, A¯¿ AvBb, BjevU© wej cÖf„wZ‡K †K›`ª K‡i †h Av‡›`vj‡bi myPbv Gfv‡eB Zv evsjv‡`‡ki Z_v fvi‡Z ivR‰bwZK I mvsMVwbK H‡K¨i c‡_ AMÖmi n‡Z †cÖiYv hywM‡qwQj|

7. †Kv Av‡¯Ívbfv I Ab¨vb¨, fviZe‡l©i BwZnvm (cÖMwZ cÖKvkb, g‡¯‹v, 1982) c„ôv t 467|

8. kªx i‡gk P›`ª gRyg`vi, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, PZz_© LÛ (†Rbv‡ij wcÖ›Uvm© GÛ cvewjkvm© KwjKvZv, 1975) c„ôv t 41| (Pj‡e)