পাকিস্তান ঃ দেশ ও কৃষ্টি বাতিলের আন্দোলন

cvwK¯Ívb t †`k I K…wó evwZ‡ji Av‡›`vjb

W.†dviKvb Avjx

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gva¨wgK ch©v‡q Ggwb‡ZB QvÎiv wem‡jev‡mi †evSvq Kvey n‡q _v‡K| Zv‡`i GB †evSv jvN‡ei cwie‡Z© c~e© cvwK¯Ívb ¯‹zj †UK÷ eyK †evW© AwZwi³ cÂvk b¤^‡ii Rb¨ `yB L‡Ûi wekvj eBwU beg-`kg †kªYx‡Z cvV¨ ZvwjKvfy³ K‡i| GB eBwU weÁvb, evwYR¨, gvbweK mK‡ji Rb¨B eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv nq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZi weeiY w`‡Z wM‡q eBwU‡K Z‡_¨i cÖPzi weK…wZ NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges gbMov mv¤cÖ`vwqK Z_¨ Øviv eBwU c~Y© Kiv nq| c„w_exi cÖPvxbZg mf¨Zv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wmÜz mf¨Zv (niàv g‡qb‡Rv`viæ‡Z cÖvß wb`k©b) Ab¨Zg| wmÜz mf¨Zvi ci †_‡K fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡mi `xN© hyM‡K GB eB‡q weK…Z K‡i Dcw¯’Z Kiv nq| ZvQvov cvwK¯Ív‡bi wewfbœ RvwZi mvs¯‹…wZi †h engvb aviv Zv‡KI D™¢U mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv †`v‡l `yó K‡i Dcw¯’Z Kiv n‡q‡Q DwjøwLZ cy¯Í‡K| ZvB m½Z Kvi‡YB eBwU G‡`‡ki wk¶K-QvÎ mn wewfbœ gn‡j mgv‡jvwPZ nq|

eBwU ¯‹y‡j cov‡bv ïiæ n‡ZB ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e we‡¶vf n‡q hvq| mvgwiK AvB‡bi i³P¶z‡K D‡c¶v K‡iB ¯‹zj QvÎiv wewfbœ †Rjv‡Z we‡¶vf msMÖv‡g kvwgj nb| GB eB cov‡bvi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ K¬vm eR©b, lvb¥vwmK cix¶vq GB c‡Îi cix¶v eR©b BZ¨vw` Kvq`vq Qv·`i cÖwZev`-cÖwZ‡iva cÖvq me©ÎB †`Lv †`q| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI we¶zä QvÎiv ivRc‡_ †b‡g Av‡m Ges cywj‡ki cÖwZ‡iva †eóbx AwZµg K‡i| Gi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ we‡¶vf †`Lv‡bv nq gqgbwms‡n| 28†k RyjvB (1970) gqgbwmsn kn‡ii wewfbœ ¯‹z‡ji QvÎiv weivU wgwQj wb‡q ivRc‡_ †b‡g G‡j cywjk evav cÖ`vb K‡i| Zvi Aek¨¤¢vex dj wn‡m‡e msNl© ïiæ nq| gvigyLx Qv·`i‡K QÎf½ Kivi Rb¨ cywjk †kl ch©šÍ jvwV PvR© K‡i|¹²

XvKv kn‡i wewfbœ ¯‹z‡j Qv·`i we‡¶vf w`‡bi ci w`b we‡kl K‡i RyjvB-AvM÷ (1970) gv‡m e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i| †mB mg‡q AwaKvsk ¯‹z‡jB lvb¥vwmK cix¶v PjwQj| QvÎiv H c‡Îi cix¶v e¨vcKfv‡e eR©b K‡i| GB e¨vcv‡i cÎ cÖ`k©b K‡iwQj XvKv Rywejx ¯‹zj I j¨ve‡Uix ¯‹z‡ji QvÎiv| ¯^Ztù‚Z© QvÎ we‡¶v‡fi mg‡q 1jv AvM÷ (1970) XvKv kn‡i ¯‹zj QvÎ ag©NU AvnŸvb Kiv nq| we‡kl †Kvb msMwVZ D‡`¨vM QvovB G QvÎ ag©NU †ek mdj n‡qwQj| c~e© evsjvi wewfbœ ¯’v‡bI Abyiƒc QvÎ we‡¶vf I ag©NU Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| GLv‡b GKwU K_v Aek¨ ¯^xKvh© †h, †`k I K…wó cy¯Í‡Ki weK…Z I åvšÍ w`K¸‡jv QvÎ-RbZvi mvg‡b Zz‡j aiv I Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î QvÎ BDwbqb Kwg©iv wbijmfv‡e KvR K‡i †M‡Qb| hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z ¯‹zj Qv·`i GB Av‡›`vjb e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i I †kl ch©šÍ mdj nq|

¯‹zj Qv·`i ¯^Ztù‚Z© we‡¶vf w`‡K w`‡K Qwo‡q co‡j Zv‡K msMwVZ iƒc †`qv I cwiKwíZfv‡e AMÖmi Kivi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib QvÎ BDwbqb †bZ…Z¡| 1970 mv‡ji 3iv AvM÷ XvKv k‡nii ¯‹zj QvÎ cÖwZwbwa‡`i GK mfv AvnŸvb Kiv nq XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq gayi †Kw›U‡b| GB mfvq 24wU ¯‹z‡ji wZb kZvw`K cwÖZwbwa †hvM`vb K‡i| beKzgvi Bbw÷wUD‡Ui QvÎ Bgv`yi ingv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ GB mfvq QvÎ BDwbq‡bi mvaviY m¤úv`K byiæj Bmjvg I wewfbœ ¯‹y‡ji cÖwZwbwaiv e³…Zv K‡ib| me ¯‹z‡ji cÖwZwbwa wb‡q Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ¯‹zj QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` MVb Kiv nq| wewfbœ QvÎx ¯‹z‡ji cÖwZwbwaiv Avjv`v mfv K‡i Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡K cÖwZwbwa wVK K‡i g~j msMÖvg cwil‡` †cÖiY K‡iwQj| †mB mfvi wm×všÍ Abymv‡i 6B AvM÷ cÖwZev` w`em AvnŸvb Kiv nq| QvÎ BDwbqb GB Kg©m~Px‡K c~Y© mg_©b Rvbvq|

6B AvM÷ cÖ¯ÍvweZ cÖwZev` w`em‡K mdj Kivi Rb¨ msMÖvg cwil` I QvÎ BDwbq‡bi c¶ †_‡K e¨vcK D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq| GB Dcj‡¶ cÖPvwiZ GK wjd‡jU ejv nq, Ò.............wm‡jev‡mi GB bZzb †evSvi Øviv my‡KŠk‡j wk¶vi we¯Ívi‡K †iva Kivi cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K GB eB-G AšÍf©y³ wewfbœ mv¤cÖ`vwqK I weK…Z Z_¨ cwi‡ek‡bi gva¨‡g QvÎ mgvR‡K mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv wk¶v †`Iqv n‡”Q| gy‡L weÁvb I KvwiMix wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ¯^xKvi Ki‡jI cvwK¯Ívb t †`k I K…wó Pvwc‡q †`Iqvi Rb¨ weÁvb Qv·`i cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj wk¶vi mgqI mxwgZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| ...Avmyb, wk¶vi msKU †gvP‡bi Rb¨, MYgyLx wk¶v e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ Ges ÒcvwK¯Ívb t †`k I K…wóÓ eB evwZj Kivi Rb¨ HK¨e×fv‡e msMÖv‡gi c‡_ AMÖmi nB...Ó13 Hw`b XvKv kn‡ii mg¯Í ¯‹zj †_‡K e¨vcK msL¨K QvÎ-QvÎx †K›`ªxq knx` wgbv‡i Rgv‡qZ nq| †ejv 11Uvq cÖwZev` mfv nq I c‡i weivU we‡¶vf wgwQj †ei nq|

c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ BDwbqb, cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq QvÎ msm`, K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq QvÎ msm` †bZ…e„›`mn †`‡ki wewkó QvÎ †bZviv ¯‹zj Qv·`i GB Av‡›`vjb mg_©b K‡i I mdj K‡i †Zvjvi Avnevb Rvwb‡q wee„wZ †`b| QvÎ BDwbqb Av‡›`vjb mdj Kivi Rb¨ me©vZ¥K D‡`¨vM MÖnb K‡i| wKš‘ QvÎ jxM †bZ…e„›` Av‡›`vjb‡K wef³ Kiv I ¶wZMÖ¯Í Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_g †_‡KB †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡`i cÖfvevaxb WvKmy‡K e¨envi K‡i Zviv GKwU cvëv ¯‹zj msMÖvg cwil` MVb K‡i (9B AvM÷, 1970 GUv MwVZ nq) Ges cvëv Kg©m~Px †`Iqv ïiæ K‡i| GB AccÖqv‡mi ciI ¯‹zj msMÖvg cwil` WvKmy I QvÎ jxM †bZ…e„‡›`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Av‡›`vj‡bi mn‡hvwMZv Kvgbv K‡i| wKš‘ QvÎ jxM †bZ…e„›` Zv‡Z mvov †`qwb|

QvÎjx‡Mi GB we‡f`vZ¥K bxwZ I `jMZ msKxY© `„wóf½xi ciI ¯‹zj QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` XvKvmn mviv c~e© evsjvq cvwK¯Ívb t †`k I K…wó evwZ‡ji `vwe‡Z Zzgyj Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡j| 1jv †m‡Þ¤^i AvûZ nq Avevi QvÎ ag©NU| BZ¨em‡i Av‡›`vj‡bi Pv‡c miKvi GB cy¯Í‡Ki wØZxq LÛ cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i Ges cÖ_g L‡Ûi cÖ_g cuvP Aa¨vq cov‡bv n‡e bv e‡j †NvlYv K‡i| evwK AskI cybwj©L‡bi cÖ¯Íve †`Iqv nq Ges GB cy¯Í‡Ki Rb¨ 50 b¤^‡ii cwie‡Z© 30b¤^i Kivi K_v miKvi †NvlYv K‡i| wKš‘ Qv·`i Av‡›`vjb Zv‡ZI eÜ n‡jv bv| gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK wk¶v †evW© †NivI, ¯‹zj ag©NU, we‡¶vf wgwQj BZ¨vw` Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| †kl ch©šÍ 20†k A‡±vei †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui wb‡`©‡k c~e© cvwK¯Ívb miKvi weZwK©Z GB eBwU cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bq| Zv cwie‡Z© cieZx© eQi †_‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi BwZnvm cov‡bvi K_v ejv nq| we‡f` lohš¿ m‡Ë¡I mwVK cwiKíbv I D‡`¨vM _vK‡j Ges e¨vcK Rgv‡qZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j †h †Kvb b¨vqm½Z Av‡›`vjb †h mdj Kiv hvq Zvi cÖgvY ¯‹zj Qv·`i GB Av‡›`vjb|

†gwWK¨v‡ji Av‡›`vjb

Bqvwnqvi bZzb wk¶v c×wZi AvIZvq †gwWK¨vj K‡jR¸‡jv‡Z GK D™¢U weavb Pvjy Kiv nq| †Uªwbs Qvov A_©vr B›Uvb©kxd Qvov mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`v‡bi miKvix bxwZ  Wv³vi-QvÎ †Kvb gnjB gv‡bb wb| wPwKrmv wk¶v‡K aŸsm Kivi GB Aïf ZrciZvi weiæ‡× Wv³vi I QvÎiv GK‡hv‡M msMÖvg ïiæ K‡ib| d‡j mvgwiK AvBb f‡½i ARynv‡Z ZiæY Wv³vi Iqv‡R`yj Bmjvg, Ave`yj nvwdR, Ave`yj nK I cÂg e‡l©i QvÎ mwdEi nvmvb‡K †MÖßvi Kiv nq| †gwWK¨vj K‡jR¸‡jv‡Z Av‡›`vjb ZxeªZi n‡Z _vK‡j K‡jR¸‡jv eÜ K‡i †`qv nq| QvÎ BDwbqb wewfbœ msMVb †gwWK¨vj Qv·`i mg_©‡b Av‡›`vj‡b bv‡gb|

K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjv D‡”Q`

1970-71 wk¶vel© †_‡K K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡q evsjv wefvM Zz‡j †`qv nq| 1965 †_‡K 75 ch©šÍ miKv‡ii `k mvjv gnvcwiKíbvq K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡q K…wl welqmg~n QvovI evsjv, Bs‡iRx I Ab¨vb¨ gvbweK wel‡q wWwMÖ cÖ`vb Ges †ewmK mv‡qÝ I wjev‡ij AvU©m d¨vKvwë †Lvjvi K_v ejv n‡qwQj| ZvB GB mg‡q evsjv wefvM D‡”Q` Kiv‡K evsjv fvlv we‡ivax lohš¿ e‡j A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib| gqgbwms‡ni 50Rb eyw×Rxex Ges ivR‰bwZK †bZv GB wm×v‡šÍi cÖwZev` K‡i wee„wZ †`b| QvÎ jxM I GB wm×v‡šÍi cÖwZev` K‡i| Zviv `vwe K‡i †h, K…wl I cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vj‡q Kjv I weÁv‡bi wewfbœ welq cov‡bvi e¨e¯’v Kiv †nvK| Aek¨ K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq †K›`ªxq QvÎ msm`, cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq QvÎ msm` I Gme cÖwZôv‡bi QvÎiv GB cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z Kjv, weÁvb I evwYR¨ welq bv †Lvjv‡KB mwVK e‡j g‡b K‡i| Zv‡`i g‡Z K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡q ïay K…wl welq Ges cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq ïay cÖ‡KŠkj wel‡qi g‡a¨B wk¶v mxgve× _vKv DwPZ|14

wk¶K‡`i msMÖvg

wek¦we`¨vjq KvjvKvbyb evwZj K‡i MYZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z wek¦we`¨vjq cwiPvjbvi `vwe Rvwb‡q cÖ‡`‡ki 4wU wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K mwgwZ I ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq †jKPvivi mwgwZ wee„wZ †`q A‡±ve‡ii (1970) ga¨fv‡M| wek¦we`¨vjq‡K MYZvwš¿K bxwZgvjvi Dci cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ QvÎ-wk¶K-RbZv `xN© msMÖvg Ki‡jI Bqvwnqv RvšÍv cyiv‡bv KvjvKvbybB envj iv‡L| wek¦we`¨vjq wk¶K‡`i GB hy³ `vwe c~e© evsjvi wewfbœ gn‡ji mg_©b jvf K‡i| wee„wZ‡Z ¯^v¶i †`b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi W. G.we.Gg. nvweeyjøvn I Avnmvbyj nK, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi W. Ave`yj Kwig I †gvt Avwbmy¾vgvb, cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi W. Aveyj nvmgZ I BKevj gvngy`, K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡qi W. †gvRv‡¤§j nK I W. †Mvjvg Avjx dwKi Ges ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wRjøyyi iwng|

GB mg‡q gva¨wgK wk¶KivI Av‡›`vj‡b bv‡gb| 24 w`b ag©NU Kivi ci fvZv e„w×i miKvix Avk¦vm †c‡q cÖ‡`‡ki 50 nvRvi gva¨wgK wk¶K ag©NU cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ib| wKš‘ wba©vwiZ mgq cvi n‡q hvIhvi ciI miKvi `vwe bv gvbvq 12B AvM÷ (1970) wk¶Kiv evqZzj †gvKvii‡g mgv‡e‡k wgwjZ n‡q Avevi msMÖvg ïiæi wm×všÍ †NvlYv K‡ib|

eb¨v mgm¨v I QvÎ mgvR

1970 mv‡j c~e© evsivq e¨vcK eb¨v †`Lv w`‡j QvÎiv miKv‡ii bxwZi weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Rvbv‡Z AMÖmi nq| eb¨v mgm¨vq ¯’vqx mgvav‡bi `vwe‡Z HK¨e× QvÎ Rgv‡qZ Kivi cwiKíbv wQj QvÎ BDwbq‡i| wKš‘ QvÎjx‡Mi nvgeov fv‡ei Rb¨ Zv m¤¢e nqwb| AMZ¨v QvÎ BDwbqb, evsjv QvÎ jxM I evsjv QvÎ BDwbq‡bi †hŠ_ AvnŸv‡b 8B AvM÷ (1970) cÖ‡`ke¨vcx QvÎ ag©NU cvwjZ nq| Hw`b knx` wgbv‡i Avj gyRvwn`xi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ mfvq e³…Zv K‡ib QvÎ BDwbq‡bi mvaviY m¤úv`K byiæj Bmjvg, evsjv QvÎjx‡Mi †gvkviid †nv‡mb I evsjv QvÎ BDwbq‡bi bvRgyj nK| GKB w`‡b QvÎjxM QvÎ ag©NU AvnŸvb K‡i Ges b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKxi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ eUZjvq mfv K‡i|

HK¨e× Av‡›`vj‡bi D‡`¨vM

mˇii `k‡Ki m~Pbvq wk¶v mgm¨v cÖKUZi n‡q †`Lv †`q| gva¨wgK cvk Kiv nvRvi nvRvi Qv‡Îi fwZ©i †Kvb e¨e¯’v wQj bv| GKwU cwimsL¨vb †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, 1970 mv‡j D”P gva¨wgK cvk Kiv †mvqv jvL Qv‡Îi g‡a¨ D”P wk¶vi cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© n‡Z cv‡i GK jv‡LiI Kg|<sup>15</sup> GB wecyj msL¨K QvÎ-QvÎxiv fwZ© n‡Z bv cvivi Rb¨ `vqx wk¶v‡K ms‡KvPb Kivi miKvix cwiKíbv| GQvov cvV¨ cy¯ÍK I wk¶v DcKi‡Yi g~j¨ e„w×, wk¶v e¨q e„w× BZ¨vw`iI †Kvb myivnv nqwb| G¸‡jvi evB‡iI A‡bK mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| †hgb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q weÁvb, evwYR¨ I mgvRweÁvb wefv‡M, cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq, †gwW‡Kj I †W›Uvj K‡jR, K…wl K‡jR, cwj‡UKwbK Bbw÷wUDUmn wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bB ¯^ ¯^ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi `vwe‡Z Av‡›`vjb PjwQj| Z`ycwi wQj ÔcvwK¯Ívb t †`k I K…wóÕ evwZ‡ji Av‡›`vjb| GMvi `dvi ewY©Z wk¶vi `vwe gvbv †Zv `~‡ii K_v mvgwiK miKvi AmsL¨ ¶z`ªvwZ ¶z`ª mgm¨vI wRB‡q iv‡L I bZzbfv‡eI wKQz mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| Gme mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ Ges AvKvw•¶Z wk¶vbxwZ I e¨e¯’v Kv‡q‡gi j‡¶¨ GKwU e¨vcK wfwËK wk¶v Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv Riæix n‡q I‡V|

HK¨e× wk¶v Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi j¶¨ wb‡q QvÎ BDwbqb wewfbœ QvÎ msMV‡bi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| wKš‘ QvÎjx‡Mi c¶ †_‡K we‡kl mvov cvIqv hvqbv| †k‡l 5B †m‡Þ¤^i (1970) QvÎ BDwbqb GKvB cÖ‡`ke¨vcx `vwe w`em Avnevb K‡i| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q †ekx K‡i QvÎ fwZ©i Rb¨ wmU evov‡bv, AvevwmK nj evov‡bv, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq‡K cyY©iƒ‡c Pvjy Kiv, GKwU †K›`ªxq wek¦we`¨vjq ¯’vcb, AviI wek¦we`¨vjq ¯’vcb, K‡j‡R Abvm© I mœvZ‡KvËi †Kvm© Pvjy, cvwK¯Ívb t †`k I K…wóÓ evwZj, KvMR I wk¶v DcKi‡Yi g~j¨ n«vm, †gwWK¨vjmn wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi ¯’vbxq `vwe Av`vq cÖf„wZ `vwe‡Z GB w`em AvnŸvb Kiv n‡qwQj| Hw`b mKvj 11Uvq eUZjvq kvgmy‡Ïvnvi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ mfv †_‡K HK¨e× fv‡e wk¶v w`em cvjb I wk¶v Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi Avnevb Rvbv‡bv nq|

QvÎ BDwbqb, QvÎ jxM, QvÎ †dWv‡ikb I wcwKscš’x QvÎ BDwbq‡bi D‡`¨v‡M †hŠ_ wk¶v w`em cvj‡bi Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv nq| 15B †m‡Þ¤^i gayi †Kw›U‡b me©`jxq QvÎ mfv, 16B †m‡Þ¤^i wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b QvÎ mfv Ges 17B †m‡Þ¤^i bqv Kjvfe‡b mvaviY QvÎ mfvi Kg©m~Px †hŠ_fv‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq|16

wKš‘ AvKvw•¶Z HK¨e× wk¶v Av‡b`Avjb M‡o †Zvjv Avi m¤¢e nhwb| wW‡m¤^‡i mvaviY wbe©vPb, wbe©vP‡bvËiKv‡j Bqvwnqv †Mvóxi lohš¿, Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb Ges †k‡l ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi DËvj MY‡Rvqv‡ii g‡a¨B †`‡ki QvÎ-RbZvi †eMevb †mªvZaviv cÖevwnZ n‡Z _v‡K| †m mg‡q Avjv`v wk¶v Av‡›`vj‡bi †Kvb Aw¯ÍZ¡ †LuvRv wQj AevšÍi| msMÖv‡gi GB DËvj w`b¸‡jv‡Z hw` QvÎ mgv‡Ri e¨vcK I Kvh©Ki HK¨ cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e n‡Zv Z‡e fwel¨‡Z ¯^vaxb †`‡k GKwU  e¨vcK wfwËK wk¶v Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi cUf~wg mvdj¨RbKfv‡e wbg©vY Kiv m¤¢eci n‡Zv| wKš‘ QvÎ jx‡Mi GKjv Pjvi bxwZi Rb¨ Zv Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Zviv wb‡RivB me Ki‡e- Ggb fve wb‡q QvÎ jxM AMÖmi n‡Z m‡Pó nq GKvˇii DËvj w`b¸‡jv‡Z|

Z_¨ wb‡`©k

1. evsjv‡`‡gi ¯^vaxbZv hy× t `wjjcÎ, wØZxq LÛ, c„ôv 462| (gvP© gv‡m †Mvj †Uwe‡j AvBqye AvûZ) †h `ywU wel‡q HK¨gZ cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj (cÖvß eq‡¯‹i †fv‡U RbcÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb I †dWv‡ij cvj©v‡g›Uvix miKvi c×wZi cÖeZ©b) H mg‡q Bqvwnqv Lvb Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi A½xKvi K‡ib|)

2. GBme †NvlYv †`qv nq 28†k b‡f¤^i (1969) †cÖwm‡W›Ui fvl‡Y| DׄZ t `¨ Wb, 19†k b‡f¤^i, 1969|

3. ProposalFor A New Education Policy, Ministryof Education And Secientific Research (Islamabed, July, 1969), Page-2.

4. c~‡e©v³, c„ôv t8|

5. mvgwiK kvmb Rvixi ci †_‡K QvÎjxM GKjv Pjvi bxwZ wb‡q AMÖmi n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| mvwgiK kvm‡bi weiæ‡× msMÖvg Ki‡ZI Zviv ivRbx nqwb| QvÎjx‡Mi GB we‡f`vZ¥K bxwZi Kvi‡Y 24†k Rvbyqvix (1970) MY Afy¨Ìvb w`em I HK¨e×fv‡e cvjb Kiv hvqwb| QvÎjx‡Mi GKvsk GB mg‡q Gb. Gm.G.d ÷vB‡j gv¯Ívbx ïiæ K‡i| †iv‡Kqv n‡ji Awf‡l‡KI (12B AvM÷, 1970) Zviv †Mvj‡hvM K‡iwQj|

6. QvÎ mgv‡Ri (wZbwU e„nr msMVb mgev‡q MwVZ) cÖPvi cÎ, AvM÷, 1969| DׄZ t evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× - `wjjcÎ 2q LÛ, c„ôv 465|

7. Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi fvlY m¤ú‡K© QvÎ mgv‡Ri e³e¨, b‡f¤^i, 1969| cÖPv‡i t Kvgvj DwÏb Avn‡g`, cÖPvi m¤ú`vK, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ BDwbqb, 31/1 †nv‡mbx `vjvb †ivW, XvKv-1|

8. AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv Av‡`‡k msweav‡bi g~jbxwZ wn‡m‡e (1) cvwK¯Ívb‡K Bmjvgx cÖRvZš¿ Kiv (2) Bmjvg‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi g~j fvev`k© Kiv, (3) ivóª cavb n‡eb gymjgvb, (4) kw³kvjx †K›`ª cÖwZôv Kiv BZ¨vw` welq hy³ Kiv nq| MYcwil` KZ©„K cÖ`Ë Kiv msweav‡b †cÖwm‡W›U m¤§wZ bv w`‡j cwil` AvcbvAvcwb †f‡½ hv‡e e‡jI H Av‡`‡k  D‡jøL Kiv nq|

DׄZ t gwY©s wbRD, 31†k gvP©, 1970|

9. AvIqvgx jxM AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv Av‡`k ms‡kva‡bi `vwe K‡i 1jv GwcÖj| b¨vc †cÖwm‡W›U KZ©„K hv Lywk Ki‡Z cvi‡eÓ (msweavb MÖnY bv Kiv BZ¨vw`) weavb cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ BDwbqb, 13B GwcÖj (1970) cÖwZev` w`em †NvlYv K‡i| QvÎjx‡Mi `vwe w`em cvwjZ nq 17B GwcÖj|

DׄZ t evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× t `wjjcÎ, 2q LÛ, c„ôv 520-525|

10. A‡b‡K Abygvb K‡iwQ‡jb †h Bqvwnqv I †kL gywR‡ei g‡a¨ fwel¨r ¶gZv fvMvfvwMi e¨vcv‡i Av‡MB Avcm n‡qwQj| ZvB AvIqvgx jxM AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv Av‡`‡ki weiæ‡× †Kvb Av‡›`vj‡b hvqwb|

DׄZ t Awj Avnv`, RvZxq ivRbxwZ 1945-75, c„ôv t 448|

11. c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ BDwbq‡bi cÖPvicÎ, 12B GwcÖj, 1970| (Bqvwnqv KZ©„K AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv Av‡`k †NvlYvi cÖwZev‡` GB cÖPvicÎ Qvcv‡bv n‡qwQj)

12. mvßvwnK GKZv, 1g el©, 2q msL¨v, 7B Av÷, 1970|

13. cÖPvicÎ, ¯‹zj QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`, 5B AvM÷, 1970|

14. †gvnv¤§` dviæK, wk¶vbxwZi GKwU weZK©g~jK cÖkœ cÖm‡½, GKZv, 2iv A‡±vei, 1970|

15. mvßvwnK GKZv, 7B AvMv÷, 1970|

16. 17B †m‡Þ¤^i Dcj‡¶ PviwU msMV‡bi cÖPvicÎ, cÖPvwiZ t 15B †m‡Þ¤^i, 1970| (Pj‡e)