গণ অভ্যুত্থান

MY Afy¨Ìvb

W.†dviKvb Avjx

W¨v‡Ki c¶ †_‡K 17B Rvbyqvwi cvwK¯Ívbe¨vcx `vwe w`em AvnŸvb Kiv nq| GB w`b mgv‡ek I wgwQj Kivi wm×všÍ †bb †bZ…e„›`| wKš‘ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q miKvi KZ©„K Rvix Kiv 144 aviv wb‡q| †kl ch©šÍ wm×všÍ nq †h, 3Rb K‡i †kvfvhvÎv Kiv n‡e I mgv‡ek Abyôvb Kiv n‡e|

GKB w`‡b QvÎ mgv‡Ri c¶ †_‡KI `vwe w`em cv‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq| GMvi `dvi `vwe‡Z cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg ïiæ Kivi j‡¶¨ GB w`e‡mi cÖ¯‘wZ ïiæ n‡qwQj| eUZjvq QvÎ mgv‡ek I 144 aviv f½ K‡i wgwQj Abyôv‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib QvÎ †bZ…e„›`| GB w`em AvnŸvb Kivi e¨vcv‡i wcwKscš’x QvÎ BDwbq‡bi AvcwË wQj e‡j Rvbv hvq| KviY Zv‡`i ivR‰bwZK msMVb W¨v‡K bv _vKvq W¨v‡Ki `vwe w`e‡m QvÎ mgv‡iR `vwe w`em cvjb bv K‡i Av‡M-wc‡Q Kivi Rb¨ Zviv cÖ¯Íve K‡i| Zv‡`i GB `jMZ msKxY©Zvi cÖ¯Íve Aek¨ cvk nqwb| AvBqyex ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi weiæ‡× GKB w`‡b msMv‡gi `xcwkLv HK¨e×fv‡e cÖ¾¡wjZ Kivi Zvrch©c~Y© c`‡¶c mdjZv jvf K‡i 17B Rvbyqvix (1969)|

17B Rvbyqvix wek¦we`¨vjq eUZjvq mgv‡ek †k‡l 144 aviv f½ K‡i wgwQj †ei nq| wKš‘ †iv‡Kqv n‡ji mvg‡bB cywjk wgwQ‡j AvµgY K‡i| d‡j QvÎ-cywjk msNl© †`Lv †`q Ges Zv cÖvq N›UvLv‡bK ¯’vqx nq| cywjk NUbv¯’j †_‡K A‡bK Qv·K †MÖßvi K‡i| cywjkx wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` eUZjvq Avi GK `dv QvÎ mfv AbywôZ nq|66 we‡K‡j W¨vK Av‡qvwRZ mvg‡e‡kI cywjk nvgjv Pvwj‡qwQj|

cywjkx nvgjvi cÖwev‡` 18B Rvbyqvix XvKv kn‡i QvÎ ag©NU Avnevb Kiv nq| ag©NU PjvKvjxb mg‡q XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡jRmn wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi Qv·`i mv‡_ cywj‡ki K‡qK `dv msNl© nq| wek¦we`¨vj‡q mgv‡ek †k‡l wgwQj †ei Ki‡Z †M‡j msNl© e¨vcK AvKvi aviY K‡i| Kzwjk †eaoK jvwV PvR© K‡i I wUqviM¨vm wb‡¶c K‡i| Rev‡e QvÎivI BU-cvU‡Kj el©Y K‡i I †Pqvi †Uwej w`‡q e¨vwi‡KW iPbv K‡i| QvÎ-cywjk msNl© K‡qK N›Uv ¯’vqx nq| Hw`b QvÎxivI cywj‡ki mv‡_ LÛhy‡× wjß n‡qwQj| †iv‡Kqv n‡ji wfZi †_‡K cÖPzi BU wbw¶ß nq cywj‡ki Dci| Qv·`i wgwQj GZ evavi ciI ¸wj¯Ívb ch©šÍ †cŠuQv‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| Hw`b we‡Kj †_‡K B.wc.Avi. evwnbx n‡j n‡j Xy‡K Qv·`i Dci nvgjv Pvwj‡qwQj| Hw`b A‡bK QvÎ AvnZ nq I †MÖßvi nq| Hw`bB cÖ_g miKvix QvÎ msMVb e„nr Ask (bvwRg Kvgivb †PŠayix I gvneyeyj nK †`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡vaxb) QvÎ we‡¶v‡f †hvM`vb K‡i|⁶⁷

GB me †MÖßvi-wbh©vZb I wek¦we`¨vj‡q cwyjkx ZvÛ‡ei cÖwZev‡` 20†k Rvbyqvix mviv evsjvq QvÎ ag©NU AvnŸvb K‡ib QvÎ †bZ…e„›`| XvKvmn mviv †`‡k Hw`b QvÎ ag©NU Af~Zc~e© mdjZv jvf K‡i| nvRvi nvRvi ag©NUx QvÎ †b‡g Av‡m ivRc‡_| XvKvqI Hw`b †K›`ªxq Rvgv‡qZ †k‡l wekvj we‡¶vf wgwQj †ei nq| cywj‡ki nvgjvI wgwQ‡ji MwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB| `ªæZ MwZ‡Z AMÖmvivqgvb wgwQ‡ji mvg‡bi Ask †_‡K wcQ‡bi Ask Avjv`v n‡q c‡owQj| mvg‡bi Ask evnv`yi kvn cv‡K© wM‡q †cŠuQvq| wKš‘ wcQ‡bi As‡k cywj‡ki Rxc †_‡K ¸jx el©Y Kiv nq| d‡j QvÎ †bZv Avmv`y¾vgvb wbnZ nb|

QvÎ nZ¨vi Lei cÖPvwiZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ XvKv kn‡ii QvÎRbZv XvKv †gwWK¨v‡ji mvg‡b wfo Rgvq| †gwWK¨v‡ji mv‡gbB msw¶ß †kvK mgv‡ek nq I Kv‡jv cZvKv D‡ËvwjZ nq| Gici †ei nq wekvj †kvK wgwQj| nvRvi nvRvi QvÎ-RbZvi Ask MÖn‡Y GB †kvK wgwQj mgMÖ kni‡K `viæYfv‡e bvov †`q| ci ci wZb w`b cvwjZ nq †kv‡Ki Kg©m~Px| mviv †`k †kv‡Ki ga¨ w`‡qB AvBqyex ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi weiæ‡× Kvh©Kifv‡e M‡R© I‡V| msMÖvgx QvÎ mgvR AvûZ 21†k Rvbyqvix XvKvq niZvj, 22†k Rvbyqvix †kvK wgwQj I 23†k Rvbyqvix gkvj wgwQ‡ji Kg©m~Px‡Z e¨vcK QvÎ-RbZvi Ask MÖn‡Y MYAf~¨Ìv‡bi c~e© j¶Y cwiùzU n‡q I‡V|

GKz‡k Rvbyqvix Avmv‡`i Mv‡qevbv RvbvRvi Rgv‡qZ †_‡K QvÎ †bZ…e„›` QweŸ‡k Rvbyqvix mviv c~e© evsjvq niZvj AvnŸvb K‡iwQ‡jb| Hw`b XvKvmn mviv‡`k ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi weiæ‡× e¨vcKfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva msMÖv‡g Av¸qvb nq| niZv‡j XvKvq jv‡Lv gvby‡li Xj bv‡g| me©¯Í‡ii gvbyl cywjk, B.wc.Avi. I †mbvevwnbxi †eóbx f½ K‡i evafv½v †mªv‡Zi g‡Zv AMÖmi nq| gvby‡li msMÖvgx Kv‡djv‡K †VwK‡q ivL‡Z †mbvevwnbx †ec‡ivqv ¸jxel©Y ïiæ K‡i| cÖ_‡gB wbnZ nb QvÎKgx© iæ¯Íg Avjx I ¯‹zj QvÎ gwZDi ingvb| wK‡kvi nZ¨vi Le‡i gvbyl AviI Db¥Ë n‡q I‡V| mgMÖ XvKv we‡¶v‡f DËvj Rbmgy‡`ª cwiYZ nq| cë‡b RvbvRv †k‡l j¶ gvby‡li Kv‡djv‡K BKevj nj gv‡V wb‡q hvIqv nq|

mܨvq KviwdD Rvix Kiv nq| RbZv KviwdD f½ K‡i we‡¶v‡f †d‡U c‡ob| 25†k Rvbyqvix †_‡K †mbvevwnbwi nZ¨vhÁ e¨vcK AvKvi aviY K‡i| XvKvi evB‡iI nZ¨vhÁ Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|68 †kl ch©šÍ miKvi bwZ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| 1jv †deªæqvix AvBqye Lvb wd‡i hvI, ivRe›`x‡`i gyw³ PvB| †bZv‡`i ûwjqv wb‡Z n‡e Zzwjqv, †bZv‡`i †R‡j †i‡L †Mvj †Uwej n‡e bv| BZ¨vw` aŸwb‡Z c~e© evsjv gyLwiZ n‡q I‡V| 9B †deªæqvix cë‡bi wekvj Rbmfv †_‡K I QvÎ †bZ…e„›` GMvi `dvi msMÖvg Ae¨vnZ ivLvi msKí c~be©¨³ K‡ib| mfvh 21†k †deªæqvix‡K QzwUi w`b †NvlYvi `vwe Kiv nq| AvBqye bM‡ii bvg cwieZ©b K‡i †k‡i evsjv bMi, AvBqye †M‡Ui bvg knx` Avmv` †MU Ges AvBqye wPj‡WªÝ cv‡K©i bvg knx` gwZqyi cvK© ivLvi cÖ¯ÍveI mfvq Kiv nq| mfv †_‡K RvZxq cwil` I cÖv‡`wkK cwil` m`m¨ Ges mKj †gŠwjK MYZš¿x‡`i c`Z¨v‡Mi Avnevb Rvbv‡bv nq|

14B †deªæqvix W¨v‡Ki AvnŸv‡b cÖ‡`‡k c~Y© niZvj cvwjZ nq| GKB w`‡b msMÖvgx QvÎ mgvRI niZvj AvnŸvb K‡i| we‡K‡j cë‡bi Rbmfvq byiæj Avgxbmn `w¶Ycš’x mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvev`x‡`i e³…Zv Ki‡Z †`qv nqwb| H Rbmfvq ïay AvIqvgx jxM I b¨vc †bZvivB e³…Zv K‡ib|<sup>70</sup> 16B †deªæqvix AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi Ab¨Zg Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûiæj n‡Ki nZ¨v I 18B †deªæqvix ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K Wt kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K nZ¨v Kivi ci RbZv Db¥Ë n‡q I‡V| †mbv †eóbx †f` K‡i nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl ivRc‡_ †b‡g Av‡m| †mbvevwnbxi ¸jx‡Z wbnZ nq Ges AmsL¨ msMÖvgx gvbyl| ïay XvKv ev eo eo kn‡i bq, mgMÖ c~e© evsjvq GB mg‡q AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb cÖPÛ iƒc aviY K‡i| miKv‡ii Avi wKQzB Kivi _v‡K bv|

20†k †deªæqvix †_‡K miKvi wcQz nUv ïiæ K‡i| KviwdD cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq, 21†k †deªæqvix‡K QzwUi w`b e‡j †NvlYv Kiv nq Ges 22†k †deªæqvix †_‡K ivRe›`x‡`i gyw³ †`qv ïiæ nq| AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvI cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq| 26†k †deªæqvix I 10B gvP© cvK ivRavbx‡Z `yB `dvq †Mvj †Uwej ˆeVK AbywôZ nq| ˆeVK Aek¨ †Kvb wm×všÍ QvovB †kl nq|

gvIjvbv fvmvbx GB Av‡›`vj‡b inm¨gq f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| cÖ_g w`‡K PzcPvc †_‡K Av‡›`vjb hLb Zz‡½ I‡V ZLb wZwb R¡vjvI †cvovI †køvMvb wb‡q gv‡V bv‡gb| mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ Gi wKQz cÖfve c‡owQj| Av‡›`vj‡bi bv‡g †Pvi-WvKvZ nZ¨v, kªwgK‡`i †NivI, Acivax ev miKvi mg_©K‡`i evwoiNi R¡vjv‡bvmn ˆbivR¨ev`x Kvh©Kjvc e„w× cvq| GB my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i †`kx-we‡`kx cÖwZwµqvkxj kw³| AvBqye we`vq wb‡q Avevi mvgwiK AvBb Rvix Kivi c_ K‡i †`q| ˆbivR¨gq GB cwi‡e‡ki ARynv‡Z 25†kgvP© †_‡K †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb ¶gZvmxb nb|71

GB Av‡›`vjb †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K c~e© evsjvi Awemsevw`Z Rb‡bZvq iƒcvwqZ K‡i| QvÎ mgvRI †`k I RvwZi mvg‡b Ab¨Zg cÖavb kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwef©yZ nq| wk¶v, RbM‡Yi Riæix `vwe, mvgªvR¨ev` we‡ivwaZv, RvZxqKiY BZ¨vw` `vwe wb‡q Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡j I GB Av‡›`vjb Avm‡j c~e© evsjvi ¯^vqËkvmb Z_v evOvjxi ¯^vaxiKvi cÖwZôvi `vwe‡KB mvg‡b wb‡q G‡mwQj|

Z_¨ wb‡`©k

1. †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye KZ…©K †gŠwjK MYZš¿ AvBb †NvwlZ nq 1959 mv‡ji 26†k A‡±vei| GB Av‡`k e‡j BDwbqb KvDw݇j wKQz wbe©vwPZ m`m¨ _v‡Kb| evwKiv n‡”Qb miKvi KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ| G‡`i Øviv GKRb †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwZ n‡Zb| †Pqvig¨vb _vbv KvDw݇ji m`m¨ _vK‡Zb| _vbv KvDw݇ji †Pqvig¨vb n‡Zb Gm.wW.I| G‡`i wb‡q MwVZ n‡Zv †Rjv KvDwÝj| Gi c‡ii av‡c wQj wefvMxq KvDwÝj I cÖv‡`wkK Dbœqb Dc‡`óv KvDwÝj|

cieZx©‡Z BDwbqb KvDw݇ji m`m¨‡`i mgš^‡q A_©vr c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi 40 nvRvi I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 40nvvRi-‡gvU 80 nvRvi †gŠwjK MYZš¿x wb‡q wbe©vPbx K‡jR ¯’vcb Kiv nq| G‡`i †fv‡UB cÖv‡`wkK I RvZxq cwil` m`m¨ Ges †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ nIqvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq|

2. 1959 mv‡ji 6B AvM÷ AvBb gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K cÖ¯‘Z Kiv †M‡R‡U ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i bvMwiK AwaKvi niY Kiv nq| H eQi †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m cÖ¯‘Z Kiv ZvwjKvq AwaKvi nviv †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wQ‡jb AvZvDi invgb Lvb, Avey †nv‡mb miKvi, Aa¨vcK †gvRvddi Avng`, †gvnv¤§` †Zvqvnv cÖgyL|

3. AvBqye Avg‡j cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi PviwU cÖ‡`‡ki ¯^Zš¿ Aw¯ÍZ¡ wejyß K‡i GK BDwb‡U cwiYZ K‡i evOvjxi g‡Zv AevOvjx RbZvi DciI RvwZMZ wbcxob Pvjv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡qwQj|

4. GB Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb †K›`ªxq wk¶v mwPe AevOvjx Wt Gm.Gg.kixd| GQvov Kwgk‡b AviI `kRb c~Y©v½ m`m¨ wQ‡jb|

5. we‡`kx we‡klÁ hviv wi‡cvU© cÖYq‡b g~j f~wgKv †i‡L‡Qb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvMÖ n‡”Qb Av‡gwiKvi eøwgsUb BwÛqvbv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †cÖwm‡W›U W. nvig¨vb we. I‡qjm I wcUmevM© Kv‡b©Mx Bbw÷wUD‡Ui †cÖwm‡W›U W. Gb wm Iqvbwi|

DׄZ t RvZxq wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© (KivPx, 1959) c„ôv 2|

6. RvZxq wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© (KivPx, 1959) c„ôv-30|

7. c~‡e©v³, c„ôv t 39-40|

8. ag© wk¶v m¤^‡Ü G wi‡cv‡U© ejv nq agx©q wk¶v‡K wg¶v e¨e¯’vi Acwinvh© A½iƒ‡c MY¨ Kwi‡Z nB‡e| †MvUv wk¶v e¨e¯’vq GB j‡¶¨ wZb ¯Í‡i ag© wk¶vi cÖ¯Íve  Kiv nq t Avewk¨K, Hw”QK I M‡elYv ¯Íi (c„ôv-258)|

9. RvZxq wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© (KivPx, 1959) c„ôv t 348|

10. c~‡e©v³, c„ôv t373|

11. c~‡e©v³, c„ôv t 10|

12. c~‡e©v³, c„ôv t 12-13|

13. cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKvi 1960 mv‡ji 6B GwcÖj GB wi‡cv‡U©i mycvwikmg~n MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1961-62 wk¶vel© †_‡K Kvh©Kix Kiv ïiæ K‡ib| Gi wfwˇZ wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wk¶vi Rb¨ 1960 mv‡j KvwiK‚jvg KwgwU MwVZ nq|  we‡`kx Dc‡`óv‡`i (g~jZ Av‡gwbKvi‡`i) mnvqZvq KvwiKz¨jvg KwgwU wi‡cvU© cÖYqb K‡i| hvi wfwˇZ bZzb K‡i cvV¨cy¯ÍK †jLv nq I 1961 †_‡K cov‡bv ïiæ nq| GB wi‡cv‡U©i wfwˇZ 1961 mv‡j miKv‡ii c~Y© wbqš¿Y m¤^wjZ wek¦we`¨vjq AwW©b¨vÝ Rvix Kiv nq| GQvov 3 eQ‡ii wWMÖx †Kvm©I GB mg‡qB Pvj~ n‡q hvq| Avi Gme RvZxq I QvÎ ¯^v_©we‡ivax c`‡¶‡ci ev¯Íevqb ïiæ n‡ZB wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi QvÎiv Av‡›`vj‡b kvwgj n‡Z _v‡K| hvi HK¨e× iƒc cÖKvwkZ nq 1962 mv‡j|

14. Governemnt of Pakistan, Ministryof Home affairs, Note for Governor's Conference- G cÖ`Ë cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Ask we‡kl|

DׄZ t evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×, `wjjcÎ, wØZxq LÛ, c„ôv t 33-39|

15. c~e©‡³v, c„ôv  41|

16. Secret Report, Intellignence Branch, East pakistan, Lalbagh, Dacca, 23^rd February, No. 3582.

DׄZ t evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy×, `wjjcÎ, wØZxq LÛ, c„ôv t 62-68|

17. Qv·`i‡K ivRbxwZ Z_v QvÎ BDwbq‡bi g‡Zv msMVb †_‡K `y‡i mwi‡q ivLvi Rb¨ miKvix †Mvcb ms¯’vi c¶ †_‡K cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq| hv Qv·`i I Zv‡`i AwffveK‡`i Rvbv‡bv nq †h, H RvZxq msMV‡b †hvM w`‡j fwel¨‡Z PvKwi ev e„wË cvIqv hv‡e bv|

DׄZ t evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×, `wjjcÎ, wØZxq LÛ, c„ôv t 121|

18. Awbj gyLvRx©, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k msMÖ‡gi cUfywg, c„ôv t 50|

19. †LvKv ivq, msMÖv‡gi wZb `kK, c„ôv t 175|

20. †LvKv ivq, c~‡e©v³, c„ôv t 181-183|

21. QvÎ BBDwbqb  Kwg©iv ms¯‹…wZ msm‡` I QvÎjxM wkí mvwnZ¨ ms‡N KvR  Ki‡Zv| GQvov ¯’vbxqfv‡e I wKQz msMVb M‡o I‡VwQj| †hgb AMÖMvgx, hvwÎK, w`kvix BZ¨vw`|

22. KvRx AvKivg †nv‡mb, QvÎ BDwbqb, evqvbœ †_‡K evlwÆ t GKwU ch©v‡qi DËiY, †MŠi‡ei mgvPvi, evsjv‡`k QvÎ BDwbq‡bi iRZ RqšÍx cÖKvkbv (1977, XvKv) c„ôvt 96|

23. eRjyi ingvb, 62-Gi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb t †bc‡_¨ cÖ¯‘wZ GKwU HwZnvwmK ˆeVK, mvßvwnK GKZv, 19†k AvM÷, 1988|

24. G.†K. e`iæj nK, evsjv‡`k QvÎ BDwbqb I evlwÆi †deªæqvix Av‡›`vjb, †MŠi‡ei mgvPvi (1977) c„ôv t 77|

25. G, †K, e`iæj nK, c~‡e©v³, c„ôv t 77|

26. bq †bZv n‡”Qb t nvwg`yj nK †PŠayix, byiæj Avgxb, Avey †nv‡mb miKvi (K…lK kªwgK cvwU©), AvZvDi ingvb Lvb, †kL gywReyi ingvb, gvngy` Avjx, BDmyd Avjx †PŠayix †gvnb wgqv, ˆmq` AvwRRyj nK bvbœv wgqv I cxi †gvn‡mb DwÏb `y`y wgqv|

27. AvZvDi ingvb Lvb, ˆ¯^ivPv‡ii `k eQi (bI‡ivR wKZvwe¯Ívb, XvKv, 1970) c„ôv t 225-242|

28. cvwK¯Ívb AeRvifvi, 18B †m‡Þ¤^i, 1962|

29. cvwK¯Ívb AeRvifvi, 18B †m‡Þ¤^i,  1962|

30. †LvKv ivq, msMÖv‡gi wZb `kK, c„ôv t 184|

31. A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, A‡Uv cv‡ki GB †NvlYv wQj Av‡›`vjb `ye©j Kivi Rb¨ miKv‡ii GKwU lohš¿-hv‡K A‡b‡K Nyl e‡j AwfwnZ K‡iwQ‡jb|

32. 18B †m‡Þ¤^i cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ GB wee„wZ‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jb †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©, byiæj Avwgb, AvZvDi ingvb Lvb, Avey †nv‡mb miKvi, †kL gywReyi ingvb, BDmyd Avjx †PŠayix †gvnb wgqv, gvngy` Avjx, †gvn‡mb DwÏb `y`y wgqv, ˆmq` AvRxRyj nK bvbœv wgqv I kvn AvRxRyi ingvb| wee„wZ‡Z ¸jx I QvÎ wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev` K‡i wePvi wefvMxq Z`šÍ `vwe Kiv nq|

DׄZ t evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×, `wjjcÎ, 2q LÛ, c„ôv t 179|

33. †mvnivIqv`x© m‡gZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi e„nr As‡ki aviYv wQj †h, MY Av‡b`Avjb wKQz ïiæ n‡j AvBqye‡K Av‡cv‡l Avm‡Z eva¨ Kiv hv‡e| Avevi GK ch©v‡q Zviv fv‡eb †h, Av‡›`vjb n‡j Zv‡`i †P‡q KwgDwb÷iv jvfevb n‡q hv‡e| ZvB Zviv Av‡›`vj‡b Drmvn nvwi‡q †d‡jwQ‡jb| Giv GK mg‡q †K‡›`ª I cÖ‡`‡k ¶gZvmxb wQ‡jb| ZvB fwel¨‡ZI ¶gZvmxb n‡eb-GB ¯^vfAweK cÖZ¨vkv †_‡K Zviv †hb‡Zb cÖKv‡i wbe©vP‡b hvIqvi K_v fve‡Zb| Ab¨ `‡ji g‡a¨I GB RvZxq ¯’weiZvi Dcw¯’wZ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Z‡e †bZ…‡Z¡i GKvs‡ki g‡a¨ Ges ˆmwbKmn wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii RbZvi Ask we‡k‡li g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb c~e©  evsjv cÖwZôv, mk¯¿ msMÖvg ïiæ Kiv BZ¨vw` wPšÍv I GB mgqKv‡j `„pg~j nIqv ïiæ K‡iwQj|

34. 1963 mv‡j AbywôZ WvKmy wbe©vP‡b QvÎ BDwbqb †gvU 93wU (WvKmy I n‡j) Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 80wU †c‡qwQj| WvKmy‡Z mn mfvcwZ nb iv‡k` Lvb †gbb I mvaviY m¤úv`K gwZqv †PŠayix| Gb.Gm.Gd †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ Ges QvÎ jx‡Mi mv‡_ msMÖvgx HK¨ wUwK‡q ivLvi ¯^v‡_© †Kvb †Kvb n‡j QvÎ BDwbqb QvÎ jxM †hŠ_ c¨v‡bj †`qv n‡qwQj|

35. mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v m„wó K‡i M‡o IVv †h MY Av‡›`vjb‡K bm¨vr Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj AvBqye kvnx, Zv †eMevb n‡q I‡V `v½v DËiKv‡j| 1964 mv‡ij 19 gvP© me©`jxqfv‡e mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKvi w`em cvwjZ nq| H w`b mdj niZv‡ji ga¨ w`‡q MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ gvby‡li AvKv•¶v cybe©¨³ n‡qwQj|

36. c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ BDwbqb, cÖv‡`wkK m‡¤§jb, 1965, Kvh©Kix mvaviY m¤úv`K byiæj ingvb KZ©„K Dc¯’vwcZ cÖwZ‡e`b (1-2 GwcÖj, 1965), c„ôv-11|

(kvw¯’ cÖv߇`i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Qb t G.†K. e`iæj nK, iv‡k` Lvb †gbb, †kL dRjyj nK gwb, †K.Gg.Ievq`yi nigvb, Avjx nvq`vi Lvb, RvwKi Avng`,wmivRyi Avig Lvb cÖgyL|)

37. kvw¯’cÖvß QvÎ BDwbqb †bZv I ZrKvjxb mwjgyjøvn n‡ji QvÎ RvwKi Avng` GB ixU wcwUkb nvB‡Kv‡U© `vwLj K‡ib| nvB‡KvU© Qv·`i Dci kvw¯’g~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY A‰ea e‡j †MvlYv K‡i| miKvi mycÖxg †Kv‡U© Avcxj K‡iwQj, wKš‘ †mLv‡bI Qv·`iB Rq nq| nvB‡Kv‡U©i ivq envj _v‡K|

38. Report of the Commission on Student Problem and Walfare, Govt. of Pakistan, Minisrtyof Deucation (Karachi, 1966) Page : 228-34.

(wePvicwZ nvgy`yi ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ QvÎ Am‡šÍv‡li KviY AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Kwgkb MwVZ n‡j GB Kwgk‡bi AvnŸv‡b QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i c¶ †_‡K BwZc~e© M„nxZ 22 `dv Kg©m~Px †ck Kiv nq| GB 22 `dv Bs‡iRx‡Z Kwgkb wi‡cv‡U©i cwiwk‡ó Qvcv nq Zv †_‡K evsjv Abyev` K‡i GLv‡b †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|)

39. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×, `wjjcÎ t wØZxq LÛ, c„ôv-214|

40. †LvKv ivq, msMÖv‡gi wZb `kK, c„ôv t 188 Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ BDwbqb, cÖv‡`wkK m‡¤§jb (1965) Kvh©Kix mvaviY m¤úv`‡Ki cÖwZ‡e`b, c„ôv-14-15|

41. Kwgkb 1965 mv‡ji 8B †g †_‡K 29†k †g Ges 27†k RyjvB †_‡K 1jv AvM÷- GB `yB `dvi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wewfbœ AÂj mdi K‡ib| GB mg‡q Zviv wk¶vwe`, wk¶v Kg©KZ©v I QvÎ msm` †bZ…e„‡›`i mv¶vrKvi MÖnY K‡ib| GB mg‡q Zviv hv‡`i mv¶vrKvi MÖnb K‡ib Zv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Qb cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq QvÎ msm‡`i mn-mfvcwZ dR‡j Gjvnx, XvKv †gwWK¨vj K‡jR QvÎ msm‡`i mvaviY m¤úv`K mviIqvi Avjx, BKevj nj msm‡`i mn-mfvcwZ byiæj Bmjvg, †iv‡Kqv n‡ji mn-mfv‡bÎx Av‡bvqviv †eMg, B‡Wb K‡j‡Ri mvaviY m¤úvw`Kv mvjgv †eMg, BKevj n‡ji cÖ‡fv÷ W. gwZb †PŠayix, W. wR. wm. †`e (cÖ‡fv÷, RMbœv_ nj), ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mn mfvcwZ Gg.G. iv¾vK, K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mn-mfvcwZ †gvnv¤§` gbmyi Dj Avwgb, m`m¨ gxR©v G. Rwjj| WvKmy mn-mfvcwZ †evinvb DwÏb, wm‡jU g`b‡gvnb K‡jR QvÎ msm‡`i mn-mfvcwZ üwe‡Kk fÆvPvh© cÖgyL|

42. Report of the Commission on Student Problems and Welfare 91966, Karachi), Chapter_XIV, Page 177-91.

43. Awbj gyLvRx© ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k msMÖv‡gi cUfywg, c„ôv-56-57|

44. 1966 mv‡ji 5-6  †deªæqvix jv‡nv‡i me©`jxq GB m‡¤§j‡b c~e© evsjv †_‡K Rvgv‡Z Bmjvg, †bRv‡g Bmjvg, KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM I AvIqvgx jxM †bZ…e„›` †hvM`vb K‡ib|

45. Qq `dvi g~j K_v c~e© evsjvi ¯^vqËkvmb| 1954 mv‡j hy³d«‡›Ui 21 `dvi g‡a¨ GUv wQj Ab¨Zg `vwe| †kL gywReyi ingvb 1966 mv‡j Qq `dv‡K AvIqvgx jx‡Mi bv e‡j wbR¯^ `vwe (Avgvi `vwe) ej‡Zb|

46. evsiv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×, `wjjcÎ t wØZxq LÛ, c„ôv-259-269 (ms‡¶wcZ)

47. fvi‡Zi mn‡hvwMZvq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi Kw_Z loh‡š¿i Z_v AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi K_v cÖ_g Rvbv hvq 1968 mv‡ji 7B Rvbyqvix cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Le‡ii gva¨‡g| GB gvgjvq †kL gywRe‡K RwoZ Kiv nq 18B Rvbyqvix (1968)| †gvU 35 Rb wQ‡jb GB gvgjvi Avmvgx|

38. 1961 mv‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i Rb¥ kZ evwl©Kx‡Z QvÎ BDwbqb WvKmyi gva¨‡g e¨vcK Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i| ZvQvov c‡njv ˆekvL cvjb, MYm½xZ‡K RbwcÖq Kiv, msKjb cÖKvk, evOvjx ms¯‹…wZ‡K Rbmg‡¶ gy³ K‡Ú I `„pfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kivi †¶‡Î QvÎ BDwbqb AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj|

39. wePvicwZ nvgy`yi ingvb 1967mv‡ji 13B AvM÷ jv‡nv‡i Aviex ni‡d evsjv †jLvi cÖ¯Íve Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb weMZ w`‡bi GB RvZxq cÖ¯Ív‡ei †hŠw³KZvI Zz‡j a‡iwQ‡jb| evsjv evbvb ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K| hvq wcQ‡bI miKvix n¯Í wµqvkxj wQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|

50. 1968 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi Dfq As‡k QvÎ Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡j gvm c‡njv †eZvi fvl‡b †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Z…Zxq wefvM cÖv߇`i cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ †`Lvb|

51. Px‡bi mv‡_ AvBqye Lv‡bi mym¤úK© _vKvi Kvi‡Y wcwKscš’xiv 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy×mn A‡bK AvBqyex c`‡¶cB mg_©b K‡ib Ges miKv‡i mv‡_ Avcm K‡i A‡b‡Ki ûwjqv cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡q †bb| gvIjvbv fvmvbxI A‡bK mgq miKv‡ii cÖwZ c‡iv¶fv‡e bgbxq bxwZ MÖnb Ki‡Zb|

52. wcwKscš’xiv †h‡nZz Qq `dvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb Ges b¨v‡c wcwKscš’xiv msL¨vMwiô wQ‡jb| ZvB Qq `dvi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb my¯úó e³e¨ †`qv hvqwb| ¯^vqËkvm‡bi cÖ‡kœ GK mg‡q `„p fywgKvi K_v e‡j gIjvbv fvmvbxmn evg-MYZvwš¿K kw³ AvIqvgx jxM †Q‡o b¨vc MVb K‡ib| wKš‘ Qq `dvi Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbvq DwjøwLZ Kvi‡Y b¨vc †Kvb f~wgKvB wb‡Z cvij bv| RvZxq †¶‡Î b¨v‡ci GB wbw¯ŒqZv ev wcwQ‡q cov bxwZi †Ri my`~i cÖmvix n‡qwQj|

53. KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvg, †bRv‡g Bmjvg, Gb.wW.Gd I ZK©evMx‡mi †bZ…Z¡vaxb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mgš^‡q wc.wW.Gg MwVZ nq|

54. KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Qq `dvi mv‡_ mvgªvR¨ev‡`i bqv Jwb‡ewkK †kvl‡Yi Aemvb, f~wg e¨e¯’v I K…lK‡`i Dci †_‡K mvgšÍev`x †kvl‡Yi D‡”Q`| kªwgK‡`i Dci GK‡PwUqv cuywRi †kvl‡bi Aemvb BZ¨vw` `vwe hy³ Kivi e³e¨ Zz‡j a‡i| cvwU© GB mg‡q my¯úófv‡e 4wU `vwe Zz‡j a‡i t 1. mvgªvR¨ev`x mvgwiK †RvU¸‡jvi mv‡_ m¤úK© †Q`, 2. Avgyi f~wg ms¯‹vi I K…l‡Ki nv‡Z Rwg, 3. e„nt wkí RvZxqKiY I 4. kªwK Kg©Pvix‡`i Rxeb avi‡bi Dc‡hvMx gRyix I gvwnbvi M¨vivw›U| Qq `dvi mv‡_ DwjøwLZ `vwe hy³ n‡j Z‡eB Zv evOvjxi cÖK…Z gyw³ mb‡` cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i e‡j KwgDwb÷ cvwU© AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i| cvwU©i GB gZvgZ ˆ`wbK msev‡`i gva¨‡g cÖPv‡ii e¨e¯’v Kiv nq|

55. †LvKv ivq, msMÖv‡gi wZb `kK, c„ôv t 207-208|

56. WvKmy mvaviY m¤úv`K I Gb.Gm.Gc. †bZv bvwRg Kvgivb †PŠayixi †bZ…‡Z¡ msMV‡bi GKvsk 68-69 Gi Mb Afy¨Ìv‡b Ask MÖnY K‡iwQj|

57. †m mg‡q c~e© evsjvi g~j we‡ivax `j AvIqvgx jxM miKvix wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y mvsMVwbKfv‡e wech©¯Í wQj| ZeyI Zvi †bZ…e„›` b¨vc, fvmvbx b¨vc I Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji mv‡_ Av‡›`vjbMZ cÖ‡kœ Av‡jvPbv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| b¨vc I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi g‡a¨ G e¨vcv‡i †ek wKQz ˆeVK nq| b¨vc b‡f¤^‡i (1968) XvKvmn wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Rbmfvi Kg©m~Px †bq| fvmvbx b¨vcI Av‡›`vjbMZ HK¨ cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM †bq| Z‡e Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡j Zviv †K‡U c‡ob| ivR‰bwZK `j QvovI mvsevw`Kiv ag©N‡U bv‡gb (1.12.68) Ges AvBbRxexiv ivRc‡_ bv‡gb (29.11.68)|

58. 7B wW‡m¤^i niZv‡j 3Rb wbnZ I 50 Gi AwaK AvnZ I K‡qKkZ †MÖßvi nb| 13B wW‡m¤^i AvnZ nb 40 Gi g‡Zv, †MÖßvi nb mnmªvwaK|

59. mvgmy‡Ïvnv, †`kevmx, QvÎ mgvR I QvÎ BDwbqb, †MŠi‡ei mgvPvi, (XvKv, 1977), c„ôv-25|

60. ˆ`wbK AvRv`, 28 wW‡m¤^i, 1968|

61. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×, `wjjcÎ t wØZxq LÛ, c„ôv 405-08|

62. Awbj gyLvRx©, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k msMÖv‡gi cUfywg, c„ôvi 62-63|

63. Awj Avnv`, RvZxq ivRbxwZ 1945 †_‡K Õ75 (XvKv) c„ôv 400-401|

64. ˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ívb, 9B Rvbyqvix 1969|

W¨v‡Ki AšÍfy³`j¸‡jv n‡”Q AvIqvgx jxM, b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© (Iqvjx), RwgqvZzj I‡jgv-B-Bmjvg, AvIqvgx jxM (ZK©evMxm), gymwjg jxM, Gb.wW.Gc, Rvgv‡Z Bmjvg I ‡bRv‡g Bmjvg|

65. 1968 mv‡ji A‡±vei gvm †_‡K ivR‰bwZK HK¨ Movi †h cÖqvm ïiæ nq, Zv‡Z gIjvbv fvmvbxiI mvq wQj| wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ wZwb H‡K¨ Avm‡jb bv|

DׄZ t Awj Avnv`, RvZxq ivRbxwZ 1945-75, c„t 389-91|

66. ˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ívb, 18B Rvbyqvix, 1969|

67. ˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ívb, 19†k Rvbyqvix, 1969|

68. 24†k Rvbyqvix gqgbwms‡n 2 Rb, Lyjbvq 3Rb, 25†k Rvbyqvix XvKvq 1Rb, 26†k Rvbyqvix XvKvq 2Rb, 27†k Rvbyqvix XvKv wkív‡j 3Rb, 11 Rvbyqvix gv`vixcy‡i 1Rb, 1jv †deªæqvix dwi`cy‡i 1Rb wbnZ nb| Dbmˇii Av‡›`vj‡b †gvU wbnZ nb 61 Rb|

DׄZ t ˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ívb, 7B †deªæqvix, 1969, mvßvwnK c~e© †`k, 11 †deªæqvix 1969 Ges ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK, 20 Rvbyqvix, 1970|

69. msMÖvgx QvÎ mgv‡Ri cÖPvicÎ, †deªæqvix 1969|

DׄZ t evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×, `wjjcÎ, wØZxq LÛ, c„ôv-418-19|

70. Awj Avnv`, RvZxq ivRbxwZ 1945-75, c„ôv- 417-18|

71. Awbj gyLvRx©, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k msMÖv‡gi cUf~wg, c„ôv-66|(Pj‡e)