বাইশ দফা কর্মসূচী

evBk `dv Kg©m~Px

W.†dviKvb Avjx

wk¶vi AwaKvi cÖwZôv Kivi j‡¶¨ i³v³ Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv Kivi ciI ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡ mwµqfv‡e AMÖmi n‡Z e¨_© nIqvq Av‡›`vjb mvgwqKfv‡e _g‡K `uvwo‡qwQj| GB ch©v‡q miKvi wWMÖx‡Z A‡Uvcvk †NvlYv K‡i QvÎ mgvR Zv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| eis myweavev` Øviv ZvwoZ n‡q A‡b‡K G‡KB Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg weRq e‡j g‡b Ki‡jv| GB mg‡q cÖexb ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i A‡b‡K †hb †Zb cÖKv‡i MYZš¿ G‡b ¶gZvmxb nIqvi g‡bvfve wb‡q AMÖmi n‡ZPvb| Avevi †KD †KD mk¯¿ msMÖvg wKsev ¯^vaxb c~e© evsjv cÖwZôvi K_vI fve‡Z ïiæ K‡ib|<sup>32</sup> Z‡e Qv·`i g‡a¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi fvUvi mg‡qI miKvi we‡ivwaZv Ae¨vnZ Zv‡K| WvKmymmn wewfbœ QvÎ msm` wbe©vP‡b miKvi we‡ivax QvÎ msMVb we‡kl K‡i msMÖv‡gi `„o msMVb QvÎ BDwbqb e¨vcKfv‡e Rqjvf K‡i| †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î miKvix g``cÖv߇`i †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ QvÎ BDwbqb-QvÎjx‡Mi HK¨e× c¨v‡bjI †`Iqv n‡qwQj|³³

‰¯^ikvmb we‡ivax MYmsMÖv‡gi MwZaviv‡K Nywi‡q †`qvi j‡¶¨ miKvi GB mg‡q Zxeª fviZ we‡ivax I mv¤cÖ`vwqK cÖPvi ïiæ K‡i| †kl ch©šÍ 1964 mv‡ji cÖ_gw`‡K miKvi mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v D‡¯‹ †`q| MYZvwš¿K-cÖMwZkxj QvÎ I ivR‰bwZK msMVb¸‡jv Zv cÖwZnZ K‡i I `v½v weaŸ¯Í‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ GwM‡q Av‡m| Dciš‘ `v½v DËiKv‡jB ïiæ Kiv nq mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii Av‡›`vjb|³⁴

GB mg‡qB (22.3.64) N„wYZ I waK…Z e¨w³Z¡ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi MfY©i †gvbv‡qg Luv AvPvh© wn‡m‡e XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mgveZ©b Drm‡e †hvM w`‡Z ‡M‡j QvÎiv Zv‡K bv‡Rnvj K‡i| d‡j QvÎ †bZv I Kgx©iv Pig wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb| Gb.Gm.Gd I cywjkx nvgjvq A‡b‡K AvnZ nb I †MÖßvi nb| GQvov Rvix Kiv nq cvBKvix †MÖßvix c‡ivqvbv| GB wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` QvÎ mgvR mgMÖ cÖ‡`‡k iæ‡L `uvovq| GB Ae¯’vq miKvi wek¦we`¨vjqmn mKj D”P wk¶v cÖwZôvb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ eÜ K‡i †`q| miKvi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi `yB R‡bi wWMÖx †K‡o †bq| 22Rb‡K ivmwU‡KU K‡i I 24Rb‡K jNy kvw¯Í cÖ`vb K‡i| 35 ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv K‡jR, AvU© K‡j‡RI GB ai‡bi kvw¯Í †`qv nq| QvÎiv GB Ab¨vq Av‡`‡ki weiæ‡× nvB‡Kv‡U© ixU K‡i Rqjvf K‡iwQj| 36 GB mg‡q wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bI wbR¯^ `vwe `vIq wb‡q msMÖvg Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv K…wl K‡jRmn wewfbœ ¯’v‡bB Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Z _v‡K| Av‡›`vjb `g‡bi Rb¨ miKvi MY‡MÖßvi I ˆ`wnK wbh©vZ‡bi Avkªq †bq| G †cÖ¶vc‡U wk¶v Av‡›`vjb‡K msMwUZ iƒc †`qvi j‡¶¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi `vwebvgv Z_v g~j mb` cÖ¯‘Z Kiv Riæix n‡q c‡o|

QvÎjxMI QvÎkw³i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i QvÎ BDwbqb Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~Px wn‡m‡e 22 `dv iPbv K‡i| cÖ‡`‡ki mKj wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwbwa‡`i mfvq GB Kg©m~Px †c‡ki B”Qv _vK‡jI †kl ch©šÍ 1964 mv‡ji 6B †m‡Þ¤^i Zv gayi K¨vw›U‡b XvKv kn‡ii Kgx©‡`i GK Rgv‡q‡Z †ck Kiv nq| QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` KZ©„K M„nxZ evBk `dv Kg©m~Px wQj wbgœiƒc t

1. ¯‹zj wk¶v t weÁvbwfwËK wm‡jevm cÖYqb, wm‡jevm †_‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq †evSv¯^iƒc welq ev` †`Iqv, BwZnv‡mi weK…wKZ cwinvi K‡i mZ¨Zv Zz‡j aiv| wKÛviMv‡U©b evwZj K‡i GKB ai‡bi ¯‹zj, 1979 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Aóg †kªYx ch©šÍ I 1975-Gi g‡a¨ `kg †kªYx ch©šÍ wk¶v‡K A‰eZwbK I eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv| Qv·eZb kZKiv 40 fvM Kgv‡bv I Mixe Qv·`i webvg~‡j¨ eB †`Iqv|

2. K‡jR wk¶v t ˆbk wefvMPvjy Kiv, cÖ‡Z¨K †Rjvq bZzb miKvix K‡jR ¯’vcb| `¶ wk¶K wb‡qvM, j¨ve‡iUix I MÖš’vMvimn cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶v DcKi‡Yi †hvMvb, miKvix I †emiKvix K‡j‡R GKB cwigvY †eZb, Kgg~‡j¨ eBmieivn, AcÖ‡qvRbxq bZzb wm‡jevm hy³ bv Kiv| cÖZ¨¶ †fv‡U me K‡j‡R QvÎ msm` MV‡bi e¨e¯’v, AwffveK‡`i †fv‡U cwiPvjbv KwgwU MVb Ges ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y K‡j‡Ri Gwdwj‡qkb I Aby`vb eÜ bv Kiv|

3. e„wËg~jK wk¶v t cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq‡K ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© wek¦we`¨vjq wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv, A‡Uv‡gkb cÖ_v ev`, †mwgóvi c×wZ Pvjy Kiv, cwj‡UKwbK wW‡cøvgvi ci 2 eQ‡ii †Kvm© K‡i we.Gm.wm BwÄwbqvi nIqvi e¨e¯’v Kiv| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡Zv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bI AwaK nv‡i e„wËg~jK cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb Kiv|

4. wPwKrmv wk¶v t †gwWK¨vj K‡jR msjMœ nvmcvZvjmg~‡ni †eW msL¨v Kgc‡¶ 400 Kiv, K‡jRmg~n‡K c~Y©v½Kiv| ¯‹zj¸‡jv‡K DbœxZ ch©v‡q wb‡q hvIqv, †`kxq †ivM wPwKrmv I M‡elYv †K›`ª †Lvjv| Gg,wW I Gg.Gg. †Kvm© Pvjy Kiv|  AwaK msL¨K †gwWK¨vj K‡jR ¯’vcb Kiv|

5. K…wl wk¶v t AviI K…wl K‡jR ¯’vcb Kiv, K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡q Avmb msL¨v e„w×Kiv, M‡elYv †¶‡Î Dbœqb|

6. wek¦we`¨vjq t ˆbk wefvM Pvjy Kiv, K‡jR ch©v‡q m¤§vb †Kvm© Pvjy Kiv, wek¦we`¨vj‡q AviI wefvM †Lvjv|

7. fvlv t cÖavbZ gva¨g evsjv|

8. bvix wk¶v t cÖwZ _vbvq miKvix D‡`¨v‡M Mvj©m ¯‹zj ¯’vcb, cÖwZ †Rjv m`‡i gwnjv K‡jR ¯’vcb| QvÎx‡`i Rb¨ AwaK msL¨K †nv‡÷j wbg©vY I Avjv`v evm¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv|

9. gv`ªvmv wk¶v t gv`ªvmv wk¶v‡K AvaywbK, ˆeÁvwbK I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kiv| Bmjvgx GKv‡WwgK I M‡elYv †K‡›`ª miKvix eivÏ e„w× Kiv|

10. mvgwiK wk¶v t c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b me ai‡bi mvgwiK wk¶vi e¨e¯’v Kiv I ev½vjx‡`i cÖ‡ekvw`Kv‡ii my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|

11. nj I †nv‡÷j mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv|

12. we‡`kx e„wË I M‡elYvi my‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡b KvD‡K ewÂZ bv Kiv| Qv·`i åg‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|

13. c~e© cvwK¯Ívb I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi ˆelg¨ `~i Kivi Rb¨ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b wk¶vi Rb¨ wظY A_© eivÏ Kiv|

14. ¯^v¯’¨ I QvÎ Kj¨vY t wbqwgZ ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶vi e¨e¯’v Kiv I webvg~‡j¨ wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Kiv| †Ljvayjvi fvj e¨e¯’v Kiv I K·evRv‡i Qv·`i Rb¨ m¨v‡bUvwiqvg wbg©vY Kiv|

15. Kjv I ms¯‹…wZ t Acms¯‹…wZi AbycÖ‡ek eÜ Kiv, my¯’ I †`kvZ¥‡evaK RvZxq ms¯‹…wZ weKvk|

16. wk¶K‡`i fvj †eZb I Dchy³ cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv|

17. e¨q eivÏ I †`‡ki cÖkvmwbK I mvgwiK LvZ †_‡K eivÏ Kwg‡q G‡b wk¶vLv‡Zi eivÏ evow‡q †gvU 25% Kiv|

18. 1959 mv‡ji wg¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© cy‡ivcywi evwZj Kiv| wk¶vwe`, we‡klÁ, AwffveK I QvÎ cÖwZwbwa‡`i Øviv bZzb wk¶vbxwZ cÖYqb Kiv|

19. wbh©vZb eÜ Kiv t †hme Qv‡Îi wWMÖx evwZj Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv| AvUKK…Z‡`i gyw³ †`Iqv, gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv| ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡q `yb©xwZi Z`šÍ Kiv I wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b mfv Kivi Dci wb‡lavÁv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv|

20. wek¦we`¨vj‡q ¯^vqËkvmb †`Iqv| wbi‡c¶ wk¶v KZ©„c¶ wb‡qvM| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© Gg.G. MwY I ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© Wt ggZvR DwÏb‡K eiLv¯Í Kiv|

21. 21†k †deªæqvix I 17B †m‡Þ¤^i‡K miKvix QzwUi w`b Kiv|

22. cÖavb wePvicwZ ev wbi‡c¶ wk¶vwe`‡K wek¦we`¨vj‡qi P¨v‡Ýjvi wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM Kiv|³⁷

¯‹zj, K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vjqmn wewea‡¶‡Î wk¶vi mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ K‡i Zvi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ GB evBk `dvq `vwe Kiv nq| GQvov wk¶vi e¨q eivÏ wk¶K‡`i b¨vh¨ cÖvc¨, fvlv, M‡elYv BZ¨vw` †¶‡ÎI e³e¨ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| GB `vwebvgv‡K cÖK…Zc‡¶ QvÎ mgv‡Ri c¶ †_‡K cÖ`Ë weKí wk¶vbxwZi iƒc‡iLv e‡j wPwýZ Kiv P‡j| ev¯Íe cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y weKí wk¶vbxwZi cÖ¯Ív‡ei mv‡_ H mg‡q QvÎ wbh©vZ‡bi h_vh_ cÖwZev`I Kiv n‡qwQj|

evBk `dv wb‡q †`ke¨vcx e¨vcK wfwËK GKwU wk¶v Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi cwiKíbv wQj QvÎ BDwbqb Z_v QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i| †mB j‡¶¨ cÖ_g c`‡¶c wn‡m‡e 1964 mv‡ji 17B †m‡Þ¤^i‡K (`yB eQi Av‡Mi i³v³ NUbvi w`‡bi ¯§i‡Y) HK¨e×fv‡e wk¶v w`em wn‡m‡e cvj‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq| GB w`e‡mi cÖv°v‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi msMÖvgx QvÎ mgvR Gi bv‡g cÖKvwkZ cÖPvic‡Î ejv nqt

Ò‰¯^iPvix miKv‡ii Pig wbh©vZ‡bi gy‡L wk¶vRxeb AvR wech©¯Í| wk¶vMZ `vwe jBqv Av‡›`vjb Kivi Rb¨ AvR AmsL¨ QvÎ e›`x, AmsL¨ QvÎ ewn¯‹…Z, Kuv`y‡b M¨vm AvR wbZ¨‰bwgwËK e¨vcv‡i cwiYZ nBqv‡Q| GB A¯^vfvweK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Agi knx‡`i i‡³ iv½v 17B †m‡Þ¤^i AvMZ| IqvwR Djøvn, †gv¯Ídv I †QvUfvB evey‡ji i‡³ iv½v GB 17B †m‡Þ¤^i|

ÒwKš‘ m‡Z‡ivi `vex AvRI c~iY nq bvB| ZvB GB w`‡b wk¶vMZ `vex jBqv Av‡›`vjb Mwoqv Zzwj‡Z nB‡e| cÖwZnZ Kwi‡Z nB‡e miKv‡ii wbh©vZb|

ÒQvÎ mgv‡Ri 22-`dv `vex‡K †K›`ª Kwiqv Avmyb ZvB 17B †m‡Þ¤^i Òwk¶v w`emÓ cvj‡bi gva¨‡g `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb Mwoqv Zzwj|

Kg©m~Px t (1) 17B †m‡Þ¤^i mKvj 6Uvq wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡jv cZvKv D‡Ëvjb I Kv‡jve¨vR cwiavb|

(2) cÖ‡`ke¨vcx QvÎ ag©NU mfv I †kvfvhvÎv|

(3) XvKvq AvgZjvq †ejv GMviUvq QvÎmfv, †kvfvhvÎv I we‡¶vf|Ó38

wk¶v w`e‡mi Kg©m~Px †ek fvjfv‡eB cvwjZ n‡qwQj| AvgZjvi mgv‡ek †k‡l †K›`ªxq mgv‡e‡ki nvRvi nvRvi QvÎQvÎx ivRc‡_ R½x wgwQj †ei K‡i| cywjk K‡qK `dv nvgjv Pvjvq wgwQ‡ji Dci| A‡b‡K AvnZ I †MÖßvi nq| Gi cÖwZev‡` Ges e›`x gyw³i `vwe‡Z 29†k †m‡Þ¤^i mviv c~e© evsjvq cÖwZev` w`em AvnŸvb Kiv nq| GB mg‡q PÆMÖv‡g kªwgK wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` I Zv‡`i `vwe `vIqv Av`v‡qi j‡¶¨ kªwgK HK¨ cwil` GKB w`‡b niZvj Avnevb K‡i| Qv·`i Aby‡iv‡a ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvI GB w`b cÖ‡`ke¨vcx niZvj Avnevb K‡i| QvÎ I kªwgKiv `„pZv mnKv‡i Kg©m~Px cvj‡b AMÖmi nb| GB niZvj mviv cÖ‡`‡k weivUmvdj¨ jvf K‡iwQj|39

GB mg‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ ïiæ nq| wgm& dv‡Zgv wRbœvn‡K mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `‡ji cÖv_x© wn‡m‡e `uvo Kiv‡bv nq| hw`I gywó‡gq †gŠwjK MYZš¿x‡`i †fv‡U dv‡Zgv wRbœvn Rqx n‡Z cv‡ibwb| ZeyI †MvUv c~e© evsjvq AvBqye we‡ivax RbgZ e¨vcK fv‡eB m„wó nq| GB mgq kªwgK Av‡›`vjbI †eMevb n‡Z _v‡K| c~e© evsjvq GKwU Av‡›`vjbgyLx Ae¯’v m„wó nq| GB cwiw¯’wZ‡ZB (†m‡Þ¤^i, 1965) cvK-fviZ hy× msNwUZ nq| hy‡×i ARynv‡Z Rvix Kiv Riæix AvB‡bi gva¨‡g wbg©g `gbbxwZi Avkªq MÖnY K‡i MY Av‡›`vjb‡K mvgwqKfv‡e ¯Íä Kiv nq| ZvQvov GB mg‡q †mvwf‡qZ Pxb gZwe‡iv‡ai QvcI c‡o G‡`‡ki wewfbœ msMV‡bi Dci| Gi d‡j AbvKvw•¶Z wefw³ †`Lv †`q wewfbœ msMV‡b, hv wk¶v Av‡›`vjbmn wewfbœ Av‡›`vjb‡KB mvgwqKfv‡e n‡jI evavMÖ¯’ K‡i †d‡jwQj|

wk¶v Av‡›`vjb wel‡q miKvix cÖwZ‡e`b

Qv·`i Rxe‡b cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i wKsev ¶wZ K‡i Ggb welq¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ Kiv| QvÎ Kj¨vYg~jK KvR cwiPvjbvi c×wZ wVK Kiv| wk¶vi my‡hvM e„w×i c_ wbY©q| wek¦we`¨vjq AwW©b¨vÝ cix¶v K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ¯Íve| BZ¨vw` wel‡q mycvwik Kivi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi c¶ †_‡K GKwU Kwgkb MVb Kiv nq 1964 mv‡ji 15B wW‡m¤^i| Aek¨ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e hvB ejv †nvK bv †Kb Commission on Student Problem and Welfare (QvÎ mgm¨v I Kj¨vb m¤úwK©Z Kwgkb) Avm‡j MwVZ n‡qwQj 1962 mvj †_‡K M‡o IVv wk¶v Av‡›`vj‡bi KviY AbymÜvb Ges Qv·`i Øviv cwiPvwjZ G ai‡bi Av‡›`vjb wKfv‡e `gb Kiv hvq †m wel‡q mycvwik Kivi Rb¨|

cvwK¯Ívb mycÖxg †Kv‡Ui wePvicwZ nvgy`yi ingvb GB Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb| GQvov AviI wZbRb m`m¨ wQj Kwgk‡bi| Kwgkb cÖkœcÎ weZiY K‡i, mv¶vrKvi MÖnY K‡i I wewfbœ wk¶v cÖZwôvb cwi`k©b K‡i we¯Í…Z wi‡cvU© cÖYqb K‡i| 40 1965 mv‡j wi‡cvU© cÖYqb †kl n‡jI Zv Qvcvi A¶‡i cÖKvwkZ nq 1966 mv‡j| c‡biwU Aa¨v‡q wef³ GB wi‡cv‡U© cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK, D”P gva¨wgK, mœvZK I wek¦we`¨vjq wk¶v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi cvkvcvwk bvix wk¶v, wk¶K‡`i cÖmsM, cix¶v c×wZ, fvlv, Kg© †Kw›`ªK wk¶v, wek¦we`¨vjq AwW©b¨vÝ BZ¨vw` wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kwgkb wewfbœRb KZ©„K cÖ`Ë cÖmZ¡v we‡klZ Qv·`i 22 `dvi hyw³ LÛb K‡i wewfbœ Aa¨v‡q kixd Kwgk‡bi (1959) ev¯Íevq‡bi c‡¶B gZvgZ ivL‡Z cÖqvmx n‡qwQj| wi‡cv‡U©i me‡P‡q †KŠZzn‡jvÏxcK AskwU n‡”Q QvÎ ivRbxwZ welqK Av‡jvPbv| K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡q QvÎ msMV‡bi c‡¶ gZvgZ †i‡LI Kwgkb G¸‡jv‡K wbqwš¿Z ivLv I Gme QvÎ msm‡`i ZrciZv wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó wel‡qi g‡a¨B mxgve× ivLvi cÖ¯Íve K‡i|

1962 mvj ‡_‡K M‡o IVv wk¶v Av‡›`vj‡bi e¨vcv‡i Kwgkb miKvi I cywjk Abym„Z c`‡¶c‡K c‡iv¶fv‡e `vqx K‡i| Gme‡i †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Kwgkb QvÎ ivRbxwZ eÜ Kiv I Zv m¤¢e bv n‡j wbqš¿Y Kivi cÖ¯Íve K‡i| GB j‡¶¨ Kwgkb QvÎ msMVb¸‡jv‡K miKvix `߇i †iwR‡óªkb Kivi weavb Rvix Kivi Rb¨ miKvi‡K wm×všÍ wb‡Z e‡j| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ n‡ji msm` bv ivLvi c‡¶I Kwgk‡bi wi‡cv‡U© AwfgZ e¨³ Kiv nq|41

wØZxq `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ

cvK-fviZ hy‡×i ci †_‡K AvBqy‡ei ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K kvm‡bi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o DV‡Z ïiæ K‡i| hy‡×i mg‡q RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ wKQzUv Db¥v`bv m„wó Kiv m¤¢e n‡jI hy‡× cvwK¯Ív‡bi we‡kl myweav Ki‡Z bv cviv, Kvk¥xi cÖkœ c~e©er _vKv, †Kvb dqmvjv QvovB fvi‡Zi mv‡_ kvwšÍ Pzw³ m¤úv`b BZ¨vw`i d‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbK‡Mvôxi nvgeov fv‡ei †Mvgi duvK n‡q hvq| mvgwiK kvmK‡`i m¤ú‡K© RbM‡Yi †hUzKz †gvn ZLbI Aewkó wQjZvI †kl n‡q hvq| ZvQvov c~e© evsjvi gvbyl AviI GKwU wk¶v jvf K‡i t mgi kw³, wkí BZ¨vw`i †K›`ªxqfeb cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b nIqvq hy‡×i mgq GB A‡ji gvbyl Amnvq †eva K‡i Ges c~Y© ¯^vqËkvm‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv AviI Mfxifv‡e Abyfe K‡i|⁴²

ïay c~e© evsjv bq, mviv cvwK¯Ív‡bB Rbg‡b kvmK‡`i m¤ú‡K© AvkvnxbZvi fve Rv‡M Ges bZzb K‡i wKQz Kivi ZvwM` Abyf~Z nq| GB †cÖw¶Z mvg‡b †i‡L cvwK¯Ív‡bi wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †bZ…e„‡›`i GK ˆeVK e‡m 1966 mv‡ji †deªæqvix gv‡m jv‡nv‡i|43 †mB ˆeV‡KB AvIqvgx jxM †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb Qq `dv Kg©m~Px Dcw¯’Z K‡ib|<sup>44</sup> Qq `dvq (1940 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ jv‡nv‡i gymwjg jx‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b M„nxZ cÖ¯Ív‡ei Av‡jv‡K) cvwK¯Ívb‡K GKwU †dWv‡ik‡b cwiYZ Kiv| †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Gw³qv‡i †`ki¶v I ciivóª welq ivLv| evwK welq cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z ivLv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi `yB As‡ki Rb¨ `yB ai‡bi gy`ªv A_ev GK AÂj †_‡K Ab¨ A‡j gy`ªv cvPvi †iva K‡i GKB ai‡bi gy`ªv ivLv| LvRbv U¨v· Av`vq I Li‡Pi `vwqZ¡ cÖ‡`‡ki Z‡e †K›`ª‡K GKvsk †`qv n‡e, cÖ‡`‡ki AwR©Z ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv H cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z ivLv Ges evwYR¨I cÖ‡`k ¯^Zš¿fv‡e Ki‡e| c~e© evsjvi Avjv`v c¨vivwgwjwkqv evwnbx MVb, mve©Rbxb †fv‡Ui AwaKvi cÖwZôv, cvj©v‡g›Uvix MYZš¿ Kv‡qg-BZ¨vw` welq ¯’vb cvq|45

c~e© evsjvi D`xqgvb ey‡R©vqv-‡cwU ey‡R©vqvi AvKvw•¶Z GB Qq `dv Kg©m~Px‡Z mvgªvR¨ev` we‡ivwaZv, kªwgK-K…lK‡`i †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK `vwe cÖf„wZ bv _vK‡jI AvIqvgx jxM G‡K gyw³ mb` e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| †MvUv cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j we‡kl AvBqyex Avg‡j kªwgK-K…lKmn †MvUv evOvjx RvwZB †kvl‡bi wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡qwQj| ZvB Qq `dv `vwe GB †gŠwjK NvUwZ m‡Ë¡I mvgwMÖKfv‡e e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i| Qq `dv wb‡q †kL gywReyi ingvbI e¨vcK cÖPvi Pvjvb| XvKvmn wewfbœ †Rjvq Rbmfv AbywôZ nq| A‡bK Rbmfvq AvcwËKi e³…Zv Kivi Rb¨ wZwb †MÖßvi nb| †k‡l AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv bvgK KzL¨vZ wg_¨v ev‡bvqvU gvgjvq e›`x nb|46 cvwK¯Ívbx kvmK‡`i GB me Kvh©Kjvc †kL gywR‡ei Qq `dv‡K e¨vcKfv‡e RbwcÖq n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| 1966 mv‡ji 7B Ryb Qq `dv `vwe Av`vq I miKvix wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` mviv c~e© evsjvq niZvj Avnevb Kiv nq| niZvj Kg©m~Px mdj Kivi Rb¨ kn‡ii kªwgK I wbt¯^ gvbyl (AwaKvskB ew¯Íevmx) Ask MÖnY K‡i e¨vcKfv‡e| miKvix wnmve g‡Z Hw`b 10Rb wbnZ nb| †emiKvix g‡Z wbnZ 40 Gi †ewk| AvnZI †MÖßvi nb K‡qK nvRvi| GBme NUbvejx cieZx©Kv‡ji K‡Vvi msMÖv‡gi c~e©vfvlB Rvbvb w`‡qwQj|

c~e© evsjvi ¯^vqËkvmb I evOvjxi ¯^vaxKvi cÖwZôvi †PZbv weKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_ m½Z Kvi‡YB fvlv-ms¯‹…wZ-mvwnZ¨ †¶‡Î kvmK‡Mvôxi AvNvZ cÖwZnZ Kivi ZrciZvI †Rvi`vi n‡q I‡V| †MvUv `kK Ry‡o evOvjx eyw×Rxex, QvÎ, hyeK I m‡PZb gvbyl evOvjxi HwZn¨ i¶vi †h msMÖvg Pvjvb Zv GB mg‡q we‡kl MwZ‡eM cÖvß nq| †iwWI wUwfmn wewfbœ †¶‡Î iex›`ªbv_ I evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZwôZ e¨w³Z¡‡`i eR©b Kivi miKvix lohš¿ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai msMÖv‡g AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i QvqvbU I ms¯‹…wZ msm`| QvÎ BDwbqbI G‡¶‡Î D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|<sup>47</sup> Aviex ni‡d evsjv †jLv I evsjv evbvb ms¯‹v‡ii ZrciZvi weiæ‡×I cÖwZ‡iva M‡o I‡V|<sup>48</sup> GBme cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb e„nËi msMÖv‡gi cÖ¯‘wZi Ask wn‡m‡eB cwiMwYZ n‡qwQj|

wk¶v wb‡q GB mg‡q UzKiv UzKiv wKQz Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V| ¯’vbxqfv‡e †Kvb wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi mgm¨v wb‡q I wk¶v e¨e¯’vi ÎæwUc~Y© †Kvb w`‡Ki weiæ‡× cwiPvwjZ nq GBme Av‡›`vjb| Gi g‡a¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv Z…Zxq wefvM Av‡›`vjb| 1967 mvj †_‡K KZ©„c¶ Z…Zxq wefvM cÖv߇`i‡K wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i| KZ©„c‡¶i GB bxwZi weiæ‡× RbwcÖq Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡VwQj| Av‡›`vj‡bi Pv‡c AvBqye Lvb †kl ch©šÍ (1968 Gi †kl w`‡K) Qv·`i `vwei †hŠw³KZv ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|<sup>49</sup> G‡Z QvÎ mgvR AviI e„nËi Av‡›`vj‡bi mvdj¨ m¤ú‡K© Avkve`x nq|

ivR‰bwZK `jmg~‡ni g‡a¨I Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ‡kœ wPšÍv-fvebv ïiæ nq Ges †giæKiY NU‡Z _v‡K| BwZc~‡e© AvIqvgx jxM Qq `dv wb‡q msMÖv‡g AeZxY© n‡q e¨vcK miKvix `gb cxo‡bi gy‡L mvsMVwbKfv‡e wbw¯Œq n‡q _vK‡Z eva¨ nq| Z‡e Rbg‡b D¾¡j fveg~wZ© M‡o I‡V GB `‡ji| cvK-fviZ hy‡×i Av‡M _vK‡ZB b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© 14 `dv RvZxq gyw³i Kg©m~Px wb‡q ˆ¯^iZš¿ D‡”Q`, MYZš¿ I mgvRZš¿ cÖwZôv, ¯^vqËkvmb AR©b, mvgªvR¨ev`-cuywRev` we‡ivax msMÖvg, kªwgK K…l‡Ki `vwe Av`vq cÖf„wZ `vwe‡Z msMÖv‡g Suvwc‡q covi Avnevb †i‡LI we‡kl AMÖmi n‡Z m¶g nqwb| `‡ji g‡a¨ g‡¯‹v-wcwKs weZK© I mfvcwZ gvIjvbv fvmvbxi inm¨gq f~wgKvi Kvi‡Y `j RbMY †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q co‡Z _v‡K|⁵⁰ Qq `dvi msMÖv‡gI ZvB b¨vc †`v`yj¨gvb _v‡K|<sup>51</sup> Ae‡k‡l 1967 mv‡j b¨vc wØav wef³ n‡q hvq| Aa¨vcK †gvRvddi Avng‡`i †bZ…Z¡vaxb Ask Qq `dvi c‡¶ Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡i Ges AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mv‡_ HK¨e× Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~Px MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ae¨vnZ iv‡L|

1967 mv‡ji cÖ_gv‡a© `w¶Ycš’x K‡qKwU `j I `jvsk wg‡j cvwK¯Ívb †W‡gv‡µwUK gyf‡g›U (wc.wW.Gg.) MVb K‡i|52 wc.wW.Gg. Gi AvU `dv `vwei g‡a¨ wQj 1956 mv‡ji kvmbZš¿ †gvZv‡eK cvj©v‡g›Uvix miKvi MVb I mxwgZ cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb cÖwZôv m¤úwK©Z welqvw`| GB †RvU ev¯Í‡e Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î †Kvb Ae`vb ivL‡Z m¶g nqwb|

‡mvwf‡qZ-Pxb weZ‡K©i Qvc c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i Dci co‡jI Zv KwgDwb÷ Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j †mªvZaviv‡K †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯Í Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| wcwKscš’x bv‡g cwiwPZ wew”Qbœ avivwU Qq`dv †Kw›`ªK ¯^vqËkvmb Av‡›`vj‡bK mg_©Y K‡iwb| KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Qq`dv Kg©m~Px‡K mg_©b Rvwb‡q Gi mxgve×Zvi K_v Zz‡j a‡i| Qq `dvi mv‡_ AviI wKQz `vwe †hvM Kivi K_vI ZLb cvwU© e‡j|<sup>53</sup> 1968 mv‡j AbywôZ cvwU©i cÖ_g Ks‡MÖ‡m M„nxZ Avï ivR‰bwZK Kg©m~Px‡Z MYZvwš¿K miKvi cÖwZôv c~e© evsjvi ¯^vqËkvmb, kªwgK Kg©Pvix‡`i b¨vh¨ cÖvwß, K…l‡Ki b¨vq msMZ `vwe Av`vq, `ªe¨g~j¨ n«vm, ivRe›`xi gyw³, RbM‡Yi MYZvwš¿K I †gŠwjK AwaKvi Kv‡qg, ¯^vaxb I †RvU wbi‡c¶ ciivóª bxwZ cÖwZôv cÖf„wZ `vwe‡Z Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi K_v ¯’vb cvq|⁵⁴ Ks‡MÖm DËiKv‡j KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ kw³i mv‡_ †Mvc‡b †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôv K‡i Ges wewfbœ MYmsMV‡b Kg©iZ cvwU© m`m¨‡`i gvidZ MY-Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi  Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ kw³i mv‡_ †Mvc‡b †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôv K‡i Ges wewfbœ MYmsMV‡b Kg©iZ cvwU© m`m¨‡`i gvidZ MY-Av‡›`vjb M‡o‡Zvjvi ZrciZv I D‡`¨vM ïiæ K‡i|

GB cUf~wg‡Z QvÎ msMVb¸‡ivi g‡a¨ HK¨ cÖwµqvi m~Pbv N‡U Ges Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ HK¨e× Kg©cÖqvm ïiæ nq| 1967 mv‡j QvÎ BDwbqb, QvÎ jxM I QvÎ BDwbqb (wcwKscš’x) HK¨e× Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i| QvÎ BDwbqb wØavwef³ nIqvi ci GB cÖ_g Dfq MÖæc GK mv‡_ †cÖvMÖv‡g kvwgj n‡jv| ZvQvov Qq `dv cÖ‡kœI wcwKscš’x QvÎ BDwbq‡bi A‡bK mgv‡jvPbv wQj| Zuviv G‡K wew”QbœZvev`x I Av‡gwiKvi g``cyó Kg©m~Px ej‡Zv| ZvB Qq `dv cš’x‡`i mv‡_ GB HK¨ we‡kl Zvrch©c~Y©| Qv·`i g‡a¨ GB HK¨ fwel¨‡Z HK¨e× Av‡›`vj‡bi wfwË wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| H eQ‡ii ga¨fv‡M QvÎ BDwbqb I QvÎjx‡Mi g‡a¨ GKwU we‡kl mg‡SvZv cÖwZwôZ nq| WvKmy‡Z QvÎ BDwbqb ¶gZvmxb wQj ZLb, wKš‘ Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi ¯^v‡_© GB mg‡SvZv †gvZv‡eK QvÎ jxM‡KI WvKmy cwiPvjbvi Askx`vi Kiv nq| Gi d‡j QvÎ BDwbqb-QvÎjxM m¤úK© AwaKZi Nwbô nq| hv fwel¨Z Av‡›`vj‡bi mnvqK kZ© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iwQj|

QvÎjxM mvaviYfv‡e Qq `dv‡KB Av‡›`vj‡bi GKgvÎ I g~j welq e‡j we‡ePbv Ki‡Zv| Gi evB‡i Ab¨ †Kvb `vwe hy³ Kivi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i Abxnv wQj| Aciw`‡K wcwKscš’x QvÎ BDwbqb Qq `dvi mv‡_ †Kvbiƒc m¤úK© cÖwZôv Ki‡ZB ivRx wQj bv| QvÎ BDwbqb Qq `dv‡K b¨vq m½Z `vwe ej‡Zv| Z‡e Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ AviI wKQz `vwe hy³ K‡i Zv‡K c~Y©Zv w`‡Z cÖqvmx nq QvÎ BDwbqb †bZ…Z¡| QvÎ-kªwgK-K…lK‡`i Riæix `vwe, mvgªvR¨ev` we‡ivax e³e¨, mgvR cÖMwZi j‡¶¨ A_©bxwZi ms¯‹vi cÖf„wZ `vwemn c~e© evsjvi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwei c~Y©Zv Avbvi Rb¨ QvÎ BDwbqb cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq 1967-68 mv‡j| QvÎ-RbZvi g‡a¨ GB m¤úwK©Z e¨vcK cÖPvi I wewfbœ QvÎ msMV‡bi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi ci GB e¨vcv‡i BwZevPK dj cvIqv hvq| GgbwK miKvi mg_©K QvÎ msMVb Gb.Gm.Gc.Gi GKvs‡ki g‡a¨I GB e³e¨ cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj|⁵⁵

1968 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq KZ©„c¶ fvlv ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡j WvKmy I wewfbœ QvÎ msMVb Gi weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi nq| H eQi AvBqye Lvb mvaviY cvwK¯Ívbx fvlv m„wói cÖ¯Íve Ki‡j Zvi weiæ‡×I QvÎ mgvR HK¨e×fv‡e cÖwZev` Rvbvq| H eQi A‡±ve‡i AvBqyex kvm‡bi `k eQi c~wZ© Dcj‡¶ †h Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv nq ZvI m‡PZb QvÎ-RbZvi g‡a¨ weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó K‡i| QvÎ mgvR G‡K ˆ¯^ivPv‡ii Kv‡jv `kK e‡jB wPwýZ K‡iwQj|

Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖv°v‡j

cvK-fviZ hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q AvBqyex ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi weiæ‡× cwiPvwjZ QvÎ-RbZvi Av‡›`vjb‡K mvgwqKfv‡e w¯ÍwgZ K‡i †`qv n‡jI 1966 †_‡K Zv Avevi Pv½v n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| QvÎ mgv‡Ri wkÿvi `vwe, kªwgK-Kg©Pvwi-K…l‡Ki wbR¡ `vwe `vIqv, mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki `vwe, fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi cÖkœ-BZ¨vw`‡K †K›`ª K‡i RbZv Av‡›`vwjZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| evOvjxi ¯^vaxKvi I ¯^vqËkvm‡bi cÖkœwU GB mg‡q e¨vcK RbZv‡K Av‡jvwoZ K‡i| QvÎ †bZv I wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK †bZv Kgx©‡`i‡K e¨vcK †MÖßvi KivqI RbMY ¶zä nq| we‡kl K‡i AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv Rbg‡b `viæY cÖwZwµqvi m„wó K‡iwQj| 1968 mv‡j RbZvi GB me we‡¶vf ivRc‡_ fvlv †c‡Z ïiæ K‡i| 68-Gi †klw`‡K mg¯Í c~e© evsjvq GKwU Av‡›`vjbgyLx cwiw¯’wZi D™¢e nq| wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `j I QvÎ msMVb Av‡›`vjb ïiæ Kivi wel‡q cvi¯úwiK Avjvc Av‡jvPbv ïiæ K‡ib Ges wb‡Riv mva¨gZ Kg©m~Px MÖnb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|56

GB mg‡q AvKw¯§Kfv‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi cwðgvs‡k Qv·`i Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡q hvq| b‡f¤^‡ii cÖ_gw`‡K (1968) jvwÛ‡KvUv‡j †MÖßviK…Z GK`j Qv‡Îi gyw³i `vwe‡Z (Giv †PvivPvjv‡bi Awf‡hv‡M †MÖßvi n‡qwQj) Ges ivIqvjwcwÛ cwj‡UKwbK BbwówUD‡Ui Qv·`i `vwei mg_©‡b GKwU QvÎ mfv AvûZ nq ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z| †mB mfvq (7B b‡f¤^i, 1968) we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK †bZv RyjwcKvi Avjx fy‡Æv‡K e³…Zv w`‡Z †`qv nqwb| GB NUbvi cÖwZev‡` Qv·`i we‡¶vf AbywôZ n‡j cywj‡ki mv‡_ msNl© †`Lv †`q Ges GKRb QvÎ wbnZ nb| we¶zä QvÎ RbZvi wgwQ‡j cywjk ¸wjel©b Ki‡j ciw`b AviI 1Rb wbnZ nb| GB me nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` cwð‡gi wewfbœ kn‡i Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡o| miKvi †MÖßvi-wbh©vZ‡bi ga¨ w`‡q GB Av‡›`vjb `gv‡Z m‡Pó nq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi cwðgvs‡ki GB Av‡›`vib c~e© evsjvi Av‡›`vjbgyLx QvÎ RbZv‡K †ek Drmvnx K‡i Zz‡j Ges c~e© evsjvq Av‡›`vjb ïiæ Kivi wel‡q Giv ZrciZv ïiæ K‡i| cwð‡g QvÎ nZ¨v I †MÖßvi wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` XvKvq QvÎ mgvR HK¨e×fv‡e cÖwZev` Ávcb K‡i| 19†k b‡f¤^i `yB QvÎ BDwbqb I QvÎ jx‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M evqZzj †gvKvii‡g cÖwZev` mfv I we‡¶vf wgwQj AbywôZ nq| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡Zv c~e© evsivi AvBbRxexivI GB wbcxo‡bi weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb|

1968 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡mi cÖ_gw`‡KB c~e© evsjvq Av‡›`vj‡bi A¨vKkb †cÖvMÖvg ïiæ n‡q hvq| A‡UvwiKkv PvjK‡`i Dci cywj‡ki wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` 7B wW‡m¤^i XvKvq niZvj cvwjZ nq| Hw`b cywj‡ki ¸wj el©‡Y nZvn‡Zi cÖwZev‡` 8B wW‡m¤^i Avevi niZvj AvnŸvb Kiv nq| miKvix †MÖßvi wbh©vZb D‡c¶v K‡i mdj niZvj cvwjZ nq wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji AvnŸv‡b| 13B wW‡m¤^i me©`jxq AvnŸv‡b mviv cÖ‡`‡k niZvj mdj nq| Gfv‡eB AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi msMÖvgx m~Pbv NUvi cwi‡ek m„wó n‡q hvq|57

Av‡›`vj‡bi HK¨ I Kg©m~Px

AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi GB ch©v‡q `yB ai‡bi HK¨‡RvU MwVZ nq I `yBwU Kg©m~Px cÖYwZ n‡qwQj| GKwU QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi Øviv| AciwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mgš^‡q| Z‡e Av‡›`vj‡bi NUbvµ‡g QvÎ mgvRB gyL¨ Ae¯’v‡b P‡j Av‡m Ges ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i Zzjbvq Qv·`i f~wgKv Rbg‡b Mfxifv‡e †iLvcvZ Ki‡Z m¶g nq| AvUlwÆ Dbmˇii i³Siv Aa¨v‡qi bvqK wn‡m‡e c~e© evsjvi gvbyl QvÎ †bZ…Z¡‡KB eiY K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb|

QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ QvÎ BDwbqbB wQj wPšÍv-‡PZbvi w`K †_‡K cÖvMmi Ges H msMV‡bi wQj kw³kvjx mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv I mymsMwVZ Kgx©`j| GB msMV‡bi †bZ…e„›` A‡bK Av‡M _vK‡ZB QvÎ mgv‡Ri wk¶vi `vwe, evOvjxi ¯^vqËkvmb-¯^vaxKv‡i `vwe, wkí KviLvbv RvZxqKiY, mvgªvR¨ev` we‡ivax †RvUwbi‡c¶ ciivóª bxwZ I Ab¨vb¨ †kªYx-¯Í‡ii `vwei mgevq Av‡›`vjbi GKwU c~Y©v½ Kg©m~Px cÖYq‡bi †Póv Pvwj‡q AvmwQj| Avmbœ ˆ¯^ivPvi-we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L QvÎ BDwbqb †bZ…Z¡ GB ai‡bi GKwU c~Y©v½ Kg©m~Px cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM †bq| wKš‘ G‡¶‡Î  Ab¨ QvÎ msMV‡bi `„wófw½ mgm¨v wnmv‡e‡`Lv †`q| wcwKscš’x QvÎ BDwbqb evOvjxi ¯^vqËkvmb‡K (6 `dv `vex) mvgªvR¨ev‡`i lohš¿ ej‡Zv Ges QvÎ jxM Qq `dvi evB‡i Ab¨ †Kvb Kg©m~Pxi K_v fveZ bv| †kl ch©šÍ QvÎ BDwbq‡biB Rq n‡jv, Ab¨‡`i `„w÷f½x fyj e‡i cÖgvwbZ n‡jv|<sup>58</sup> DwjøwLZ wZbwU QvÎ msMVb I WvKmyi D‡`¨v‡M iwPZ nq Av‡›`vj‡bi HwZnvwmK GMvi `dv Kg©m~Px|

GMvi `dv †NvlYvi Av‡MB QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ HK¨ cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv| WvKmy I DwjøwLZ wZb msMV‡bi g‡a¨ Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi djkÖæwZ‡Z 28†k wW‡m¤^i (1968) Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi Avnevb Rvwb‡q GK wee„wZ cÖKvk Kiv nq|⁵⁹ wee„wZ‡Z wk¶vi `vwe wb‡q ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›`‡K Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi Avnevb Rvbv‡bv n‡qwQj| `xN©w`b eÜ _vKvi ci 1jv Rvbyqvix (1969) XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Lyj‡j D‡jøwLZ wZb msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M wek¦we`¨vj‡q miKvix wbh©vZ‡bi weiæ‡× cÖwZev` mfv nq I Kv‡jv cZvKv D‡ËvwjZ nq| mgv‡e‡k e¨vcK Rgv‡qZ fwel¨Z Av‡›`vj‡bi ms‡KZ w`‡q hvq|

4Vv Rvbyqvix WvKmy Kvh©vj‡q QvÎ †bZ…e„›` GK mvsevw`K m‡¤§jb AvnŸvb K‡i Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~Px GMvi `dv †NvlYv K‡ib| GB HwZnvwmK Kg©m~Px‡Z ¯^v¶j K‡iwQ‡jb| msMÖvgx QvÎ mgv‡Ri c¶ †_‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ BDwbq‡bi mfvcwZ mvBd DwÏb Avn‡g` gvwbK, mvaviY m¤úv`K mvgmy‡Ïvnv, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ jx‡Mi mfvcwZ Ave`yi iDd, mvaviY m¤úv`K Lv‡j` †gvnv¤§` Avjx, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ BDwbqb mfvcwZ †gv¯Ídv Rvgvj nvq`vi, mn m¤úvw`Kv `xcv `Ë, WvKmyi mn-mfvcwZ †Zvdv‡qj Avng` I mvaviY m¤úv`K bvwRg Kvgivb †PŠayix| QvÎ MYAv‡›`vj‡bi AvnŸvb m¤^wjZ GMvi `cv Kg©m~Px wQj wbgœiƒc t

(1)K. m”Qj K‡jRmg~n‡K cÖv‡`wkKwKi‡Yi bxwZ cwiZ¨vM Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges RMbœv_ K‡jRmn cÖv‡`wkKxKiYK…Z K‡jRmg~n‡K c~e©ve¯’vq wdivBqv w`‡Z nB‡e|

L. wkÿvi e¨vcK cÖmv‡i Rb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki me©Î we‡kl Kwiqv MÖvgv‡j ¯‹zj-K‡jR ¯’vcb Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges †emiKvix D‡`¨v‡M cÖwZwóZ ¯‹zj-K‡jRmg~n‡K mZ¡i Aby‡gv`b w`‡Z nB‡e| KvwiMix wk¶v cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ ch©vß msL¨K BwÄwbqvwis K‡jR, cwj‡UKwbK, †UKwbK¨vj I Kg©vwmqvj BbwówUDU ¯’vcb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

M. cÖ‡`‡ki K‡jRmg~‡n wØZxq wkc‡U ˆbk AvB, G; AvB, Gm, wm; AvB Kg I we, G; we,Gm,wm; we, Kg Ges cÖwZwôZ K‡jRmg~‡n ‰bk Gg, G I Gg, Kg K¬vk Pvjy Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

N.  QvÎ †eZb kZKiv 50fvM n«vm Kwi‡Z nB‡e| ¯‹jvikwc I óvB‡c‡Ûi msL¨v e„w× Kwi‡Z nB‡e| QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY Kivi Aciv‡a ¯‹jvikxc I óvB‡cÛ Kvwoqv jIqv Pwj‡e bv|

O. nj, †nv‡ó‡ji WvBwbs nj I †Kw›Ub LiPvi kZKiv 50 fvM miKvi KZ©„K mvewmwW wnmv‡e cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

P. nj I †nv‡ój mgm¨vi mgvavb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

Q. gvZ…Qvqvi gva¨‡g me©¯Í‡i wk¶vi e¨e¯’v Kwi‡Z nB‡e| Awdm Av`vj‡Z evsjv fvlv Pvjy Kwi‡Z nB‡e| mKj wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b ch©vß msL¨K AwfÁ wk¶‡Ki e¨e¯’v Kwi‡Z nB‡e| wk¶‡Ki †eZb e„w× Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges ¯^vaxb gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi w`‡Z nB‡e|

R. Aóg †kªYx ch©šÍ wk¶v‡K A‰eZwbK I eva¨Zvg~jK Kwi‡Z nB‡e| bvix wk¶vi e¨vcK cÖmvi Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

S. †gwW‡Kj wek¦we`¨vjq ¯’vcb Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges A‡Uv‡gkb cÖ_v we‡jvc, bwg‡bkb fwZ© cÖ_v eÜ, †gwW‡Kj KvDwÝj AwW©‡bÝ evwZj, †W›Uvj K‡jR‡K cyY©v½ K‡j‡R cwiYZ Kiv cÖf„wZ †gwW‡Kj Qv·`i `vwe gvwbqv jB‡Z nB‡e| bvm© QvÎx‡`i mKj `vwe gvwbqv jB‡Z nB‡e|

T. cÖ‡KŠkj wk¶vi A‡Uv‡gkb cÖ_v we‡jvc, 10% I 75% iæj evwZj, †m›Uªvj jvB‡eªixi mye¨e¯’v, cÖ‡KŠkj Qv·`i †kl e‡l©I K¬vk †`Iqvi e¨e¯’vmn mKj `vwe gvwbqv jB‡Z nB‡e|

U. cwj‡UKwbK Qv·`i Kb‡WÝ †Kv‡m©i my‡hvM w`‡Z nB‡e Ges †evW© dvBbvj cix¶v evwZj Kwiqv GKgvÎ †mwgóvi cix¶vi wfwˇZB wW‡cøvgv w`‡Z nB‡e|

U. †U·UvBj, wmivwgK, †j`vi,†UK‡bvjwR Ges AvU© K‡jR Qv·`i mKj `vwe Awej‡¤^ gvwbqv jB‡Z nB‡e| AvB. B. Avi. Qv·`i `k-`dv Awej‡¤^ gvwbqv jB‡Z nB‡e| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjqmn Ab¨vb¨ wek¦we`¨vj‡q evwYR¨ wefvM‡K Avjv`v d¨vKvjwU Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

W. K…wl we`¨vjq I K‡jRQv·`i b¨vh¨ `vwe gvwbqv jB‡Z nB‡e| K…wl wW‡cøvgv Qv·`i Kb‡WÝ †Kv‡m©i `vwemn K…wl Qv·`i mKj `vwe gvwbqv jB‡Z nB‡e|

X. †Uª‡b, wógv‡i I j‡Â Qv·`i AvB‡Ww›UwU KvW© †`LvBqv kZKiv cÂvk fvM K‡Ým‡b wU‡KU †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v Kwi‡Z nB‡e| gvwmK wUwK‡UI GB K‡Ýmb w`‡Z nB‡e| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi gZ ev‡m 10 cqmv fvovq kn‡ii †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b hvZvqv‡Zi e¨e¯’v Kwi‡Z nB‡e| `~ieZx© A‡j evm hvZvqv‡ZI kZKiv 50fvM K‡Ýmb w`‡Z nB‡e| QvÎx‡`i ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ cvh©vß ev‡mi e¨e¯’v Kwi‡Z nB‡e| miKvix I Avav-miKvix D‡`¨v‡M Av‡qvwRZ †Ljvayjv-mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡b Qv·`i 50 fvM K‡Ýmb w`‡Z nB‡e|

Y. PvKzixi wbðqZv weavb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

Z. KzL¨vZ wek¦we`¨vjq AwW©b¨vÝ m¤ú~Y© evwZj Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges wek¦we`¨vjqmn Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v cÖwZôvb c~Y© ¯^vqËkvmb w`‡Z nB‡e|

_. kvmK‡Mvôxi wk¶v ms‡KvPb bxwZi cÖvgvb¨ `wjj RvZxq wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© I nvgy`yi ingvb Kwgkb wi‡cvU© m¤ú~Y© evwZj Kwi‡Z Ges QvÎ mgvR I †`kevmxi ¯^v‡_© MYgyLx I ˆeÁvwbK wk¶v e¨e¯’v Kv‡qg Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

(2) cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i †fv‡U cÖZ¨¶ wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g cvj©v‡g›Uvix MYZš¿ cÖwZôv Kwi‡Z nB‡e| evK-¯^vaxbZv, e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv Ges msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZv w`‡Z nB‡e| ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvi Dci nB‡Z wb‡lavÁv cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

(3) wbgœwjwLZ `vwemg~n gvwbqv jBevi wfwˇZ c~e©-cvwK¯Ív‡bi c~Y© ¯^vqËkvmb w`‡Z nB‡e t

K. †`‡ki kvmbZvwš¿K KvVv‡gv nB‡e †dWv‡ikb kvmbZvwš¿K ivóª msN Ges AvBb cwil‡`i ¶gZv nB‡e mve©‡fŠg|

L. †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii ¶gZv †`ki¶v, ˆe‡`wkK bxwZ I gy`ªv GB KqwU wel‡q mxgve× _vwK‡e| Acivci mKj wel‡q A½ivóª¸wji ¶gZv nB‡e wbi¼zk|

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N. mKj cÖKvi U¨v·, LvRbv, Ki avh© I Av`v‡qi mKj ¶gZv _vwK‡e AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z| †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii †Kvb Ki avh© Kwievi ¶gZv _vwK‡ebv| AvÂwjK miKv‡ii Av`vqx †iwfwbDi wba©vwiZ Ask Av`v‡qi m‡½ m‡½ †dWv‡ij Znwe‡j Rgv nB‡e| GB g‡g© wiRvf© e¨v¼mg~‡ni Dci eva¨Zvg~jK weavb kvmbZš¿ _vwK‡e|

O. †dWv‡ik‡bi cÖwZwU ivóª ewntevwY‡R¨i c„_K wnmve i¶v Kwi‡e Ges ewntevwY‡R¨i gva¨‡g AwR©Z gy`ªv A½ivóª¸wji Gw³qvivwab _vwK‡e| †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡`kx gy`ªv A½ ivóª¸wj mgvbfv‡e A_ev kvmbZ‡š¿i wba©vwiZ aviv Abyhvqx cÖ`vb Kwi‡e| †`kRvZ `ªe¨vw` webv ï‡é A½ ivóª¸wji g‡a¨ Avg`vbx ißvbx Pwj‡e| e¨emv evwYR¨ m¤ú‡K© we‡`kx ivóª¸wji mv‡_ Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi, we‡`‡k †UªW wgkb ¯’vc‡bi Ges Avg`vbx-ißvbx Kwievi AwaKvi A½ ivóª¸wji nv‡Z b¨¯Í Kwiqv kvmbZ‡š¿ weavb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

P. c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K wgwjwkqv ev c¨viv wgwjUvix i¶xevwnbx MV‡bi ¶gZv w`‡Z nB‡e| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b A¯¿ KviLvbv wbg©vY I †bŠevwnbwi m`i `dZi ¯’vcb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

(4) cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi †ejywP¯Ívb, DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k, wmÜzmn mKj cÖ‡`‡ki ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ`vb KiZt mve-‡dWv‡ikb MVb|

(5) e¨v¼-exgv, cvU e¨emv I e„nr wkí RvZxqKiY Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

(6) K…l‡Ki Dci nB‡Z LvRbv I U¨v‡·i nvi n«vm Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges e‡Kqv LvRbv Fb gIKzd Kwi‡Z nB‡e| mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ_v evwZj I Zn&wkj`vi‡`i AZ¨vPvi eÜ Kwi‡Z nB‡e| cv‡Ui me©wbgœ g~j¨ gY cÖwZ 40UvKv wbשviY Ges Av‡Li b¨vh¨ g~j¨ w`‡Z nB‡e|

(7) kªwgK‡`i b¨vh¨ gRyix-‡evbvm w`‡Z nB‡e Ges wk¶v, evm¯’vb, wPwKrmv BZ¨vw`i e¨e¯’v Kwi‡Z nB‡e| kªwgK ¯^v_© we‡ivax KvjvKvbyb cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges ag©N‡Ui AwaKvi I †UªW BDwbqb Kivi AwaKvi cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

(8) c~e©-cvwK¯Ív‡bi eb¨v wbš¿qY I Rj m¤ú‡`i mvwe©K e¨env‡ii e¨e¯’v Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

(9) Riæix AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi, wbivcËv AvBb I Ab¨vb¨ wbeZ©bg~jK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

(10) wmqv‡Uv, †m‡›Uv, cvK-gvwK©b mvgwiK Pzw³ evwZj Kwiqv †RvU ewnf©yZ ¯^vaxb I wbi‡c¶ ciivóªbxwZ Kv‡qg Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

(11) †`‡ki wewfbœ KvivMv‡i AvUK mKj QvÎ, kªwgK, K…lK, ivR‰bwZK Kgx© I †bZ…e„‡›`i Awej‡¤^ gyw³, †MÖßvix c‡ivqvbv I ûwjqv cÖZ¨vnvi Ges AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvmn mKj ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡b RvixK…Z gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡Z nB‡e|⁶⁰

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Qq `dv Kg©m~Pxi g‡Zv QvÎ mgv‡Ri GMvi `dvI wQj c~e© evsjvi D`xqgvb ey‡R©vqv-‡cwUey‡R©vqvi Kg©m~Px| GLv‡bI mvgšÍev` D‡”Q‡`i †Kvb K_v †bB| Z‡e e„nr ey‡R©vqv‡`i ¶gZv Le© Kiv I mvgªvR¨ev`x hyׇRvU evwZ‡ji K_v Av‡Q GLv‡b| ZvQvov cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki ¯^vqËkvmb, wewfbœ †kªYx-¯Í‡ii `vwe, RvZxqKib, ivRe›`xi gyw³, wk¶vi `vwe, evOvjxi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe hy³ nIqvq GB `vwe Qq `dv A‡c¶v A‡bK my¯úó| ZvB Zv-e¨vcK RbM‡Yi mg_©b jvf Ki‡Z m¶g nq|⁶¹

GB mg‡q ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›`I Av‡›`vjb ïiæ Kivi Rb¨ HK¨e× †RvU MVb I Kg©m~Px cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb| Rvbyqvix (1969) gv‡mi 7I 8 Zvwi‡L XvKvq AvUwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆeVK AbywôZ nq|<sup>62</sup> AvUB Rvbyqvix AvU `‡ji mgš^‡q MYZvwš¿K msMÖvg KwgwU (†W‡gv‡µwUK G¨vKkb KwgwU) ms‡¶‡c W¨vK MwVZ nq Ges AvU `dv Kg©m~Px †NvwlZ nq| cvj©v‡g›Uvix MYZ‡š¿i K_v ejv n‡jI GB Kg©m~Px‡Z `w¶Ycš’x‡`i AvcwËi Kvi‡Y ¯^vqËkvmbmn wewfbœ As‡ki RbM‡Yi ¯^v‡_© †Kvb Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv nqwb| GMvi `dvi Kv‡Q GB Kg©m~Px G‡Kev‡iB wb¤cÖf n‡q _v‡K| ZvB GB Kg©m~Pxi cÖwZ c~e© evsjvi msMÖvgx RbZvi AvKl©Y wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j| GgbwK AvU `dv `vweI RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †Zgb cwiwPZ wQj bv| gvbyl ZLb evOvjxi AwaKv‡i e¨vcv‡iB AwaKZi AvMÖnx wQj| †m Kvi‡Y Qq `dv-GMvi `dvB wQj gvby‡li g~j AvKl©bxq welq| MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi b~b¨Zg GB AvU `dv `vwe Rbg‡b †Zgb `vM KvU‡Z m¶g nqwb| AvU `dv Kg©m~Px‡Z wQj t

1. †dWv‡ij cÖK…wZi cvj©v‡g›Uvix kvmb e¨e¯’v Kv‡qg,

2. cÖvß eq‡¯‹i †fv‡U cÖZ¨¶ wbe©vPb,

3. Awej‡¤^ Riæix Ae¯’v cÖZ¨vnvi,

4. c~Y© bvMwiK AwaKvi cybtcÖwZôv, mg¯Í KvjvKvbyb we‡kl K‡i webv wePv‡i AvUK ivLvi AvBb I wek¦we`¨vjq AwW©b¨vÝ evwZj,

5. Lvb Ave`yj Iqvjx Lvb, †kL gywReyi ingvb, RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Ævmn mKj ivR‰bwZK e›`xi gyw³, ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y RvixK…Z me †MÖdZvix c‡ivqvbv cÖZ¨vnvi,

6. †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewai 144 avivi AvIZvq RvixK…Z mKj wb‡`©k cÖZ¨vnvi,

7. kªwgK‡`i ag©N‡Ui AwaKvi cybtcÖwZôv Ges

8. bZzb wWK¬v‡ikb `v‡bi Dci Av‡ivwcZ wewawb‡lamn msev` c‡Îi Dci RvixK…Z mKj wb‡lavÁv cÖZ¨vnvi Ges B‡ËdvK, PvZb, cÖ‡MÖ‡mf †ccvim wjwg‡UWmn mKj ev‡RqvßK…Z wKsev wWK¬v‡ik‡b evwZjK…Z cwÎKv Avw` gvwj‡Ki Kv‡Q-cÖZ¨vc©b|⁶³

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