evsjv‡`‡k KuvK&ov Pv‡li D¾j m¤¢vebv
Aa¨¶ †dviKvb
Avjx
KuvK&ov Av‡_©v‡cvW †kªYxi k³ †Lvjmwewkó RjR cÖvYx| cÖRvwZ wfwËK wgVv I †jvbv cvwb,
Dfq cwi‡e‡k KvuK&ov cvIqv hvq| wgVv cvwb‡Z Pvi cÖRvwZi Ges †jvbv cvwb‡Z
GMvi cÖRvwZi KvuK&ov i‡q‡Q| wgVv cvwbi KvuK&ov AvKv‡i †QvU Ges †jvbv cvwbi KvuK&ov AvKv‡i †ek eo nq|
†jvbv cvwbi KvuK&ov mgy‡`ª emevm K‡i| wgVv cvwbi KvuKov we‡`‡k ißvbx nq bv|
mvgyw`ªK eo AvKv‡ii KvuK&ov we‡`‡k ißvbx nq| ZvQvov mvgyw`ªK GMvi cÖRvwZi
KvuK&ov g‡a¨ GKgvÎ wkjv KvuK&ov ißvbx nq| Bnvi ˆeÁvwbK bvg mvBjv
wm‡iUv| A‡bK ¯’v‡b Bnv g¨vWµve bv‡g cwiwPZ| we‡`‡k wkjv KvuK&ovi gvsmB wcÖq
Lv`¨| evsjv‡`‡k me©Î mKj †kªbxi †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q KvuK&ov AwZ cwiwPZ cÖvYx|
KvuK&ov grm¨ m¤ú‡`i ga¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| ¯’vbxqfv‡e e„nËi Rb‡Mvwô
Lv`¨ wnmv‡e KvuKov MÖnb bv Ki‡jI we‡`‡k ißvbx K‡i cÖPzi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AwR©Z nq|
`w¶Y c~e© Gwkqvi †`kmn BD‡ivc gnv‡`‡kI KvuK&ovi Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k
eQ‡i cÖvq 14 ‡KvwU UvKvi KvuK&ov we‡`‡k ißvbx K‡i _v‡K| wek¦ evRv‡i
KvuK&ovi Pvwn`v e„w× cvIqvq Gi msMÖn cÖwµqv I h‡_ó e„w× †c‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk
KvuK&ovi Pvl c×wZi Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© wPš—v fvebv ïi“ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k
KvuK&ov Pvl cÖwµqv GLbI cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q| eZ©gvb ißvbxK…Z KvuK&ovi cÖvq
meUvB DcK~jxq wPswo Lvgvi I mgy‡`ªi †gvnbv b`x Ges g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂj †_‡K AvniY
Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
cwiwPwZ I we¯Z…wZ:
KvuK&ov ev g¨vWµvf Avwd«Kvi c~e© DcK~jxq fviZ DcK~j Ges B‡›`v‡cwmwdK A‡ji
g¨vb‡MÖvf GjvKvq †`Lv hvq| Gme KvuK&ovi P¶zcy‡Äi `yB cv‡k¦© Carapace Gi
Dc‡i bqwU `vuZ i‡q‡Q hv Serrations ejv nq| wmivmb Gi msL¨v w`‡q wK‡kvi KvuK&ov †Pbv hvq|
evsjv‡`‡k DcK~jxq A‡ji cÖvq me©Î KvuK&ov cvIqv hvq| KvuK&ovi eqm
maviYZ 16-18 gv‡mi n‡jB c~b©eq¯‹ ev cÖRbb¶g nq| Gmgq GKwU KvuK&ovi IRb nq 300-500 MÖvg| GwU KvuKov m‡e©v”P 5 †KwR
ch©š—
IR†bi cvIqv †M‡Q| mavibZ GK eQi eq‡mi KvuKovi
IRb 400 MÖvg -500 MÖvg n‡q _v‡K| evM`v wPswoi b¨vq ¯¿x KvuK&ov Mfxi mgy‡`ª
ÒbDwcÓ †Q‡o _v‡K| hv cieZx©‡Z cvuPwU jvf©v ¯—‡i cvi n‡q g¨vMv‡jvcv I †cvó
jvf©v ¯—‡i DcbxZ nq&| Giv †Rvqvi, †XD I evZv‡m DcK~jxq g¨vb‡MÖvf GjvKvq
†f‡m Av‡m Ges wK‡kvi ¯—‡i DcbxZ nq| GKwU ¯¿x KvuK&ov 1-8 wgwjqb wWg w`‡Z
cv‡i| evM`v wPswoi b¨vq KvuK&ovi ‡Lvjm i‡q‡Q hv wPswoi †P‡q A‡c¶vK…Z k³|
ˆ`wnK e„w×i Rb¨ KvuK&ov †Lvjm cwieZ©b K‡i _v‡K| KvuK&ovi wbR cÖRvwZ f¶Y
cÖeYZv i‡q‡Q| KvKovi k³ mvimx ev wPgUv Øviv mn‡R Ab¨ cÖvYx‡K †g‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i|
KvuK&ov gvwU‡Z Ges evu‡a MZ© Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i| Wyeš— Mv‡Qi †kuK‡o I Wvjcvjvq
Giv Avkªq †bq| ZvB g¨vb‡Mªvf GjvKvq G‡`i‡K cvIqv hvq| cvwb Qvov KvuK&ov
`xN© mgq evuP‡Z cv‡i Ges †nu‡U †nu‡U GK ¯’vb †_‡K mn‡R Ab¨ ¯’v‡b P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i|
KvuK&ov Pv‡li cÖavb myweavmg~n:
- evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~j A‡ji Pv‡li cwi‡ek we`¨gvb|
- Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡i Pvwn`v _vKvq Gi Drcv`b jvfRbK|
- eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k cÖvK…wZK †cvbv (wK‡kvi) cvIqv hvq|
- KvuK&ovi Lvevi ¯^íg~‡j¨ MÖnY m¤¢e|
- IRb wn‡m‡e KvuK&ovi e„w×i nvi †ekx|
- cuPv AveR©bv †L‡q cwi‡ek i¶v K‡i|
KvuK&ov Pv‡li Dchy³ cwi‡ek: evM`v wPswoi b¨vq KvuKov DcK~‡ji jebv³ cvwb‡Z
Pvl Kiv hvh| KvuKov Pv‡li gvwU I cvwbi ¸bvewj wbæiƒc nIqv evÃbxq|
gvwUi ¸bvejx t
(K) big †`vuqvk ev Gu‡U‡j gvwU|
(L) nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBU I G¨vgywbqv M¨vmhy³ gvwU|
(M) ˆRe c`v_© 7%-12%|
(N) GwmW mvj‡dU gy³ gvwU|
(O) nvjKv k¨vIjv I RjR AvMvQvhy³ cwi‡ek|
cvwbi ¸bvewj t
(K) jebv³Zv t 10-25 wcwcwU|
(L) ZvcgvÎv t 25-30 †mt |
(M) wc GBP t 7.5-8.5 |
(N) G¨vjKvwjwbwU t 80 wgMÖv/wjt
(O) nvW©‡bm& t 40-100wc wc Gg|
(P) `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb t 4wc wc Gg Gi D‡aŸ©|
KvuK&ov Pv‡li ¯’vb wbe©vPb t mvaviYfv‡e
ev`Mv wPswoi Pv‡li Dchy&³ ¯’v‡b mn‡RB KvuK&ov Pvl Kiv hvq| KvuK&ovi
Lvevi ev cyKz‡i cÖwZwbqZ jevb³ cvwb cwieZ©‡bi h‡_ó my‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e| eQ‡i 8-10
gvm 5 wcwcwUi DaŸ© jebv³Zv _v‡K Gi“c ¯’vb KvuK&ov Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx|
KvuK&ovi Pvl GjvKv eb¨ cÖvYxI cvwLgy³ _vK‡Z n‡e|
KvuK&ov Pv‡li cyKzi wbg©vY: evM`v wPswo Pv‡li cyKz‡ii b¨vq KvuK&ovi
cyKz‡ii cvwb ai‡Yi Rb¨ k³ evua wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e| KvuK&ov †nu‡U †eov‡Z Af¨¯—|
ZvQvov gvwU‡Z MZ© K‡i jywK‡q _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i| ZvB evu‡ai Af¨š—‡i †eov ¯’vcb Kiv
Avek¨K| †eovi D”PZv cvwbi Dc‡i 0.5 wgUvi ivL‡Z n‡e| cyKz‡ii Af¨š—‡i GB †eov
evu‡ki Nb cvUv, Nb KwÂi eybb, wm‡g›U Gi †`qvj ev G¨vm‡e÷vm Øviv †`qvj ‰Zix Kiv
hvq| GB †eov Kgc‡¶ 0.5 wgUvi gvwUi bx‡P ew‡mq w`‡Z n‡e| †hb KvuK&ov †eovi wb‡P w`‡q MZ© K‡i
cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i| GQvov †eovi eybb Ggb
n‡Z n‡e †hb wK‡kvi KvuK&ov dvuK w`‡q cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i| GQvov Ab¨
¶wZKi cÖvYxI †hb KvuK&ovi cyKz‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| cyKzi ïKv‡bv Ges cvwb
mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| evM`v wPswoi b¨vq †MU ev ev· wbg©vY K‡i cvwb mÂvj‡bi
e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e| cyKz‡ii AvqZb 0.2-1.0 †n±i n‡j e¨e¯’vcbvq myweav nq| cyKz‡ii
MfxiZv 1.0-1.5 wgUvi ivLv fvj|
cyKzi cÖ¯‘wZ: (K) ïKv‡bv I †aŠZ KiY: evM`v wPswoi cyKz‡ii
b¨vq Pvl GjvKvi gvwU ïKv‡Z n‡e| ïKv‡bvi ci gvwUi Dc‡ii A¤, jeb I welv³ c`v_©
Acmvi‡bi Rb¨ cyKy‡ii Zj‡`k †aŠZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cvwb Zz‡j cybivq GKw`b ci cvwb †Q‡o
†aŠZ cÖwµqv mgvav Kiv hvq| cyKz‡ii Zj‡`k Pvl †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Pvl †`qvi ci GKB
wbq‡g Zv cybivq †aŠZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
(L) Pzb cÖ‡qvM :
‡n±i cÖwZ mvaviYZ 300-800 †KwR Ca Pvl c~e© gvwU‡Z Ges ev‡ua w`‡Z n‡e|
gvwUi wc,GBP wba©viYc~e©K Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ| gvwUi wc,GBP Gi wfwˇZ mg nv‡i
Pzb ‡`qv hvq|
(M) Avkªq ¯’j m„w÷|
KvuK&ov †Lvjm Qvovi mgq RjR cÖvYxi AvµgY
‡_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ jywK‡q _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i| cÖK…wZ‡Z g¨vb‡MÖvf Mv‡Qi wkK‡oi
Avov‡j Giv Avkªq †bq| ZvQvov wm‡g‡›Ui cvBc ev wcwfwm cvB‡ci UzKivI e¨envi Kiv
hvq| mvavibZ 4 © ©-6 © © e¨v‡mi cvBc e¨envi Kiv hvq| cvB‡ci e¨vm wewfbœ mvB‡Ri
n‡j †QvU eo KvuK&ov Zv‡`i cQ›` gZ ¯’v‡b Avkªq wb‡Z cv‡i| cyKz‡ii Zj‡`‡k Ges
Af¨š—‡i †eovi cv‡k¦© GB Avkªq ¯’j ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| cPbkxj `ªe¨ Avkª‡qi Rb¨ e¨envi
Kiv hv‡e bv|
cyKz‡i cvwb D‡Ëvjb I mvi cÖ‡qvM wPswo Pv‡li b¨vq
KvuK&ovi Pvl GjvKvq Ab¨ cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek †iva Kivi Rb¨ memgq 0.25 wgt wgt
wQ`ªhy³ bvBjb Rvj w`‡q cvwb †Q‡K Zzj‡Z n‡e| cÖ_gevi 30 †mt wgt cvwb cyKz‡i
DwV‡q cvwb‡Z ˆRe mvi I ivmvqwbK mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| cvwb‡Z mvi GK‡Î me bv w`‡q
K‡qK fv‡M fvM K‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j fvj dj cvIqv hvq| hv Avw_©fv‡eI jvfRbK| †n±i
cÖwZ 500 †KwR ‰Re mvi, 15 †KwR wU Gmwc Ges 10 †KwR BDwiqv mvi cvwb‡Z ¸‡j me©Î
wQwU‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| cvwbi is Ges dvB‡UvcvsKU‡bi Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Abyhvqx gvÎv
Abymv‡i mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cvkvcvwk µgvš^‡q cvwbi MfxiZv e„w×
Ki‡Z n‡e| hv cvwbi MfxiZv 1 wgUv‡ii g‡a¨
_vKv evÃbxq| cvwb‡Z Drcvw`Z dvB‡UvcvKUb KvuK&ovi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb e„wׇZ
mnvqZvi cvkvcvwk cyKz‡ii Zjvq Qvqv †`q| KvuKov m~‡h©i Av‡jv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
Ges Qvqv cQ›` K‡i| GQvov cvsKUb cvwYi ¸bvMZ mwVK gvÎvq _vKvi mvnvh¨ K‡i I
welv³ c`v_© Acmvi‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
KvuKov gRy`KiY : eZ©gv‡b KvuK&ov Pvl ej‡Z
KvuKov †gvUv ZvRv Kiv‡KB eySvq| wK‡kvi KvuKov evu‡ki PvB ev dvu`, cvZv Rv‡j,
_‡j Rvj w`‡q aiv nq| 20-40 MÖvg IR‡bi 8-10 nvRvi KvuK&ov cÖwZ †n±‡i gyRZ
Kiv hvq| ¯¿x KvuKovi Pvl †ekx jvfRbK| ZvB ¯¿x I cyi“‡li AbycvZ 9.1 ev 90% ¯¿x
10 % cyi“l gRy` KvuKovi wPgUv cv I ey‡Ki d¬¨vc †`‡L mbv³ Kiv hvq| cyi“l
KvuK&ovi wPgUv cv eo, ¯¿x KvuKovi wPgUv cv GKB eq‡mi cyi“l KuvK&ovi
†P‡q †QvU| ¯¿x KvuK&ovi ey‡Ki d¬vcwU Aa© †MvjvKvi Ab¨ w`‡K cyi“l KvuKovi
d¬vcwU A‡c¶vK…Z mi“ I Bs‡iRx wf AvK…wZi| GKB eq‡mi KvuKov GK‡Î msMÖn Kiv AZ¨š—
KwVb| ZvB IRb wfwˇZ KvQvKvwQ IR‡bi KvuKov gRy` Kiv n‡j PvlKvjxb cwiPh©vi
myweav nq| wK‡kvi KvuKov GK¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨ ¯’v‡b evu‡ki Szwo‡Z cwienY Kiv hvq|
ißvwbi Rb¨ ¸bvW wewkó ¯¿x KvuK&ov¸‡jv mbv³ Kiv nq| Avni‡Yi ci †h mg¯— ¯¿x
KvuK&ov ¸bvW / wW¤^vkqwenxb Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jv‡K ¯’vbxqfvlvq †Lvmv
KvuKov ejv nq| GB †Lvmv KvuKov ev big †Lvjmv wewkó KvuKov wbשvwiZ cyKz‡i 15-20
w`b †i‡L Dchy³ Lvevi †`Iqv nq| Bnv‡K KvuK&ov †d‡Uwbs ejv nq| KvuK&ov
†d‡Uwbs c×wZ A‡bK ¯’v‡bB cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|
Lvevi mieivn: KvuKov me©f~K|
Giv mvaviYZ Rxeš— Lv`¨ †c‡Z cQ›` K‡i| †QvU †QvU gvQ, mvgyw`ªK wµwg, kvgyK,
wSbyK, KxU cZ½ †L‡q _v‡K| Z‡e gqjv I cPv ˆRe c`v_© RvZxq Lvevi I Giv Lvq| Lv`¨
wnmv‡e †QvU ¸ov gvQ, kvgyK, wSby‡Ki gvsm, wPswo I wPswoi gv_v, wewfbœ cÖKvi
†`nve‡kl BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv hvq| KvuK&ovi †Lvjm ˆZixi Rb¨ K¨vjwmqvg mg„w×
Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB gvs‡mi nvo ev KuvUvI
KvuKov ‡L‡q _v‡K| GQvov Pv‡ji Kzov, M‡gi fywl, AvUv, wdm wgj BZ¨vw`
wgkªYc~e©K KvuKovi Lv`¨ wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq| KvuKov †`‡ni e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_
Lv`¨ Pvwn`v e„w× cvq| †Uª‡Z Lvevi w`‡q Lv`¨ MÖn‡bi cÖebZv ch©‡e¶Y c~e©K Lvevi
mieivn wbqš¿Y ivL‡Z n‡e| KvuK&ov evM`v wPswoi b¨vq wbkvPi cÖvYx| ZvB weKv‡j
ev mܨvq I iv‡Z cÖZ¨n 2-3 evi Lvevi w`‡Z nq|
cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv : Agvem¨v I c~wY©gvq †Rvqvi fvUvi cÖfv‡e
KvuKovi cKz‡ii cvwb cwieZ©b Kiv hq| cvwbi ¸bv¸Y i¶vi Rb¨ wbqwgZ Pzb I mvi
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Kvi‡Y cvsKUb gviv ‡M‡j wKsev cvwb `ywlZ n‡j mv‡_ mv‡_
cvwb cwieZ©‡bi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| KvuKov Dchy³ cwi‡ek bv †c‡j Ab¨Î †ei n‡q hvq|
KvuKov k³ cÖvYx e‡U wKš‘ cwi‡e‡ki ZviZg¨ ev cvwb `ywlZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Giv gviv hvq
Ges Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq|
KvuK&ov AvniY I evRviRvZKiY : gRy‡`i 3-4 gvm ci KvuK&ov AvniY Kiv hvq|
evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q Pv‡li Dchy³ mgq gvQ© †_‡K RyjvB gvm| G mgq cvwbi ¸bv¸b I
ZvcgvÎv Dchy³ ch©v‡q _v‡K| KvuKov aivi Rb¨ evu‡ki PvB A_ev Rv‡ji ‰Zix dvuw`
me‡P‡q Dchy³| aivi mgq KvuKovi cv †f‡½ †M‡j evRviRvZ Kiv hvq bv| wjd&U †bU
ev PvB dvu‡` Lvevi w`‡q KvuK&ov ch©vqµ‡g aiv hvq| KvuKov aivi Av‡MB cyKz‡i
Lvevi mieivn eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e| KvuKov GKcvÎ †_‡K Ab¨ cv‡Î †bqv ev ivLvi Rb¨ evu‡ki
wPgUv Ggb fv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb cv †f‡½ bv hvq| KvuKov‡K wcQb w`‡q wPgUv ev
nvZ w`‡q aiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b Rxeš— KvuKov we‡`‡k ißvbx n‡q _v‡K| ZvB KvuKov wPgUv
ev cvwó‡Ki wdZv w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e †eu‡a Szuwo‡Z f‡i K‡i evRviRvZ Kiv hvq|
cwien‡bi mgq Szwo‡Z k¨vZ k¨v‡Z fve eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ jeb cvwb wQwU‡q w`‡Z nq|
KvuKovi Szwo AÜKv‡i/Qvqvhy³ VvÛv ¯’v‡b ivL‡Z nq| evsjv‡`k †_‡K GLbI wm× Kiv
A_ev wngvwqZ KvuKov we‡`‡ki evRv‡i evRviRvZ Kiv nq bv| hw` H Ae¯’vq ißv&bx
Kiv †hZ Z‡e cwienb LiP A‡bK Kg nZ|
Dcmsnvi : KvuKov Pv‡li Dchy³ cwi‡ek Avgv‡`i †`‡ki DcKyj
A‡j i‡q‡Q| hw`I Gi Pvl GLbI †Zgb cÖmvi jvf K‡i bvB| KvuKovi ißvbx evRvi`i
wnmv‡e Gi Pvl †ek jvfRbK| mwVKfv‡e Pvl Kiv ‡M‡j eZ©gvb wnmv‡e cÖwZ †KwR‡Z 60
UvKviI †ekx bxU jvf Kiv hvq| KvuKovI GKwU Pvl‡hvM¨ cÖvYx Ges Gi Drcv`b GKwU
jvfRbK wewb‡qvM| G welqwU cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ ‡`‡k KvuKov Lvgvi ¯’vwcZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
cvkvcvwk G welq m¤ú‡K© cÖwk¶‡bi e¨e¯’v miKvix ch©v‡q Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gv‡b Rxeš—
KvuKov ißvbxi Rb¨ cwi‡ek gš¿Yvj‡qi QvocÎ cÖ‡qvRb nq| KvuKov Pvl Ges Drcv`b‡K
DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ G `vwqZ¡ mswkó Awa`dZ‡ii Dci b¨v¯— Ki‡Z n‡e| DcK~jxq GjvKvi
cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i e‡ivwcU GjvKvq cwiKwíZ KvuKov Pvl K‡i Rwgi myô e¨envi Kiv
hvq| KvuKovi ev”Pv mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Yi Rb¨ my›`ie‡bi Af¨š—ixb Lvjmg~‡n †eû›`x Rvj e¨envi eÜ
Kiv‡Z n‡e| cwiKwíZ e¨e¯’vcbv I AvBb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki KvuKov m¤ú` e„w×
cv‡e e‡j mswkó mK‡ji cÖZ¨vkv|
‡jLK:M‡elK I mv‡eK Aa¨¶
36 MMb evey
†ivo,Lyjbv-9100
†gvevBj :01711579267
email.dr.fourkanali@yahoo.com.
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